非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs非谓语动词动名词分词现在分词过去分词动词不定式1.谓语动词:概述:2.非谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分一个句子一个句子当中,当中,已经存在一个已经存在一个主句主句(谓语动词)(谓语动词),,又没又没有连词有连词的情况下的情况下,,还有别的动词出现时还有别的动词出现时。。非谓语动词使用条件非谓语动词使用条件Shegotoffthebus,Shegotoffthebus,leavingleavingherherhandbagonherseat.handbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,Shegotoffthebus,butbutleftleftherherhandbagonherseat.handbagonherseat.1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.•4.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.•5.Iwanttoseeyou.•6.Iwanthimtoseeyou.•7.Myhopeistoseeyou.•8.Heisthemantoseeyou.•9.I’mgladtoseeyou.•10.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.作主语)作主语)(作主语)(作宾语)(作宾补)(作表语)(作定语)(作原因状语)非谓语动词的句法功能名称主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语插入语不定式√√√√√√√动名词√√√√现在分词√√√√√过去分词√√√√√动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征,具有时态和语态的变化,但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种,见下表。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时tomaketobemade进行时tobemaking完成时tohavemadetohavebeenmade完成进行时tohavebeenmaking不定式时态、语态的用法不定式时态、语态的用法1.1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时或在之后发生,用一般时不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时或在之后发生,用一般时态态HewantedHewantedtoseetoseeyouyou2.2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态WhenIcamein,hepretendedWhenIcamein,hepretendedtobereadingtobereadingabookabook3.3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时HeHeissaidissaidtohavewrittentohavewrittenanovel..anovel..不定式被动语态的用法不定式被动语态的用法..AA..当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态SheaskedSheaskedtobesenttobesenttoworkinTibet(toworkinTibet(宾语宾语))ItisanhonorformeItisanhonorformetobeaskedtobeaskedtospeakhere(tospeakhere(主语主语))B.B.句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系,也还要用主动语态动关系,也还要用主动语态1,Givehimsomebook1,Givehimsomebooktoreadtoread\Doyouhaveanyclothes\Doyouhaveanyclothestotowashwash??““DoyouhaveanyclothesDoyouhaveanyclothestobewashedtobewashed?”askedtheman.?”askedtheman.2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\2,S+be+easy\difficult\hard\pleasant\interesting\exciting\comfortable+todoexciting\comfortable+todoThisquestioniseasyThisquestioniseasytoanswertoanswer..TheboyisdifficultTheboyisdifficulttoteachtoteach..3,Themanageris3,Themanageristoblametoblame.\Thereasonisnotfar.\Thereasonisnotfartoseektoseek..(1)作主语不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注:常用it做形式主语,将todo放在句末,使句子保持平衡。句型1:It+谓语+todoIttakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.句型2:It’s+n.+todoIt’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.句型3:Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsb.todosth.Itis+adj+ofsb.todosth.(是形容人的品质的)(是形容事物的性质的)Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyour...