独立主格结构（一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。（二）构成：1.名词（代词）+不定式、现在分词或过去分词Weatherpermitting,we'llgosightseeing.=Ifweatherpermits,...作条件状语天气允许的话，我们要去观光。Homeworkfinished,theboywentouttoplayfootball.=Whenhomeworkwasfinished,...作时间状语作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。Theexamtobeheldtomorrow,Ican'tgotothecinematonight.明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。2.名词（代词）+（being）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语）It（being）Sunday,wewentclimbing.=AsitwasSunday,...作原因状语由于是星期天，我们去爬山。Todlookedatthemillion-poundnote,hiseyes（being）wideopen.托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。Summervacations（being）over,studentsreturnedtoschool.暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。3.with+名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。此句型又称with复合结构。a.Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlightsburning.他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。b.Shehadtowalkhomewithhebikestolen.因为自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。c.Ican'tgoouttoplaywithsomuchhomeworktodo.这么多作业要做，我不能出去玩。d.Shefellasleepwiththewindowsopen.她开着窗户睡着了。e.Thestudentslefttheclassroomwiththelighton.开着灯学生们离开了教室。f.Theteachercameintotheroom,withabookinhishand.=bookinhand老师手里拿着书走进了房间。（三）独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。（四）独立主格结构精选习题：1．Fordtrieddividingthelabor，eachworkeraseparatetask.assignedbeassigned2．Thelecture，helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeakerbegunbeginning3．Withallfactors，wethinkthisprogrammayexcelalltheothersinachievingthegoalconsideredconsidered4．Walterofferedusaliftwhenhewasleavingtheoffice，butourwork，wedeclinedtheoffer.beingfinishedhavingfinishednotbeenfinishednotfinished5．Therearevariouskindsofmetals，eachitsownpropertieshavebus,wehadtowalkhome.wabus,wehadtowalkhome.therebeingtherewaswas8.,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.newwordswordsexplainedexplainednewwordsexplainednewwords,thetextbecameeasierforustolearn.A.WhennewwordswereexplainedB.ExplainingnewwordsC.NewwordsexplainingD.Beingexplainednewwords10.,thepatientcanleavethehospital.conditionsB.ConditionsarebetterC.Conditionsbetterbetterconditions,youcanwaitawhile.playbeingstillonplaystillonC.BeingstillontheplayandB,soyoucanwaitawhileplayisstillonplaybeingstillontheplayisstillonplaystillon,Ihadtoaskfortwodays'leave.beingillillbeingbeenmotherwasillD.alltheabove参考答案：1---5BBCAD11---15DADDA6---10ABBAC16---20CBACA
