一、钢丝绳的种类钢丝绳是把很多根直径为0.3～3mm的高强度碳素钢钢丝先拧成股,再把若干股围绕着绳芯拧成绳的。钢丝绳种类很多,按绕捻方法不同可分为左同向捻、右同向捻、左交互捻、右交互捻四种,起重作业中常用右交互捻钢丝绳。按钢丝绳芯材料不同可分为麻芯、石棉芯和金属绳芯三种,起重作业中常采用麻芯钢丝绳,麻芯中浸有润滑油,起减小绳股及钢丝之间的摩擦和防腐蚀的作用。按钢丝绳绳股及丝数不同可分为6×19、6×37和6×61三种,起重作业中最常用的是6×19和6×37钢丝绳。按钢丝表面处理不同又可分为光面和镀钵两种,起重作业中常用光面钢丝绳。按钢丝绳股结构分类,又可分为点接触绳、线接触绳和面接触绳。点接触绳的各层钢丝直径相同,但各层螺距不等,所以钢丝互相交叉形成点接触,在工作中接触应力很高,钢丝易磨损折断,但其制造工艺简单。线接触绳的股内钢丝粗细不同,将细钢丝置于粗钢丝的沟槽内,粗细钢丝间成线接触状态。由于线接触钢丝绳接触应力较小,钢???绳寿命长,同时挠性增加。由于线接触钢丝绳较为密实,所以相同直径的钢丝绳,线接触绳破断拉力大些。绳股内钢丝直径相同的同向捻钢丝绳也属线接触绳。面接触绳的股内钢丝形状特殊,采用异形断面钢丝,钢丝间呈面状接触。其优点是外表光滑,抗腐蚀和耐磨性好,能承受较大的横向力;但价格昂贵,故只能在特殊场合下使用。二、钢丝绳的规格参数一般起重作业可采用GB/T8918-1996《钢丝绳》中6×19和6×37钢丝绳,其规格参数见表1和表2。表1钢丝绳的破断拉力直径钢丝绳的抗拉强度/MPa钢丝绳/mm钢丝/mm14001550170018502000钢丝破断拉力总和/kN6.20.420.0022.1024.3026.4028.607.70.531.3034.6038.0041.3044.709.30.645.1049.6054.7059.6064.4011.O0.761.3067.9074.5081.1087.7012.50.880.1088.7097.30105.50114.5014.O0.9101.00112.00123.00134.00114.5015.51.O125.00138.50152.00165.50178.5017.O1.1151.50167.50184.00200.00216.5018.51.2180.00199.50219.00238.00257.5020.O1.321150234.00257.00279.50302.0021.51.4245.50271.50298.00324.00350.5023.O1.5281.50312.00342.00372.00402.5024.51.6320.50355.00389.00423.50458.0026.O1.7362.00400.50439.50478.00517.0028.O1.8405.50499.00492.50536.00579.5031.O2.O501.00554.50608.50662.00715.5034.O2.2606.00671.00736.00801.00—37.O2.4721.50798.50876.00953.50—40.O2.6846.50937.501025.001115.00—表2钢丝绳的破断拉力直径钢丝绳的抗拉强度/MPa钢丝绳/mm钢丝/mm14001550170018502000钢丝破断拉力总和/kN8.70.439.0043.2047.3051.5055.7011.O0.560.0067.5074.0080.6087.1013.O0.687.8097.20106.50116.00125.0015.O0.7119.50132.00145.00157.50170.5017.50.8156.00172.50189.50206.00223.0019.50.9197.50218.50239.50261.00282.0021.51.O243.50270.00296.00322.00348.5024.O1.1295.00326.50358.00390.00421.5026.O1.2351.00388.50426.50464.00501.5028.O1.3412.00456.50500.50544.50589.0030.O1.4478.00529.00580.50631.50683.0032.51.5548.50607.50666.50725.00784.0034.51.6624.50691.50758.00825.00892.0036.51.7705.00780.50856.00931.501005.0039.O1.8790.00875.00959.501040.001125.0043.O2.O975.501080.001185.001285.001390.0047.52.21180.001305.001430.001560.00—52.O2.41405.001555.001705.001855.00—56.O2.61645.001825.002000.002175.00—三、钢丝绳的标记目前在起重机上所采用的钢丝绳主要是普通型结构钢丝绳,绳6×19和绳6×37。按照国家标准《圆股钢丝绳》(GB1102一74)的规定,钢丝绳的标记方法如下:如,钢丝绳6×37-15.0-170-I一甲一镀一右交GB1102-74这表示该圆股钢丝绳由6股捻制,股的结构形式为点接触,每股有37根钢丝,纤维绳芯,钢丝绳直径15.Omm,由公称抗拉强度1700MPa的I号甲组镀钵钢丝制成,钢丝绳的捻向为右交互捻。四、钢丝绳的选用钢丝绳在同直径时公称抗拉强度越低,每股绳内钢丝越多,钢丝直径越细,则绳的挠性越好,但钢丝绳易磨损。反之,每股绳内钢丝直径越粗,则钢丝绳挠性越差,钢丝绳耐磨损。因此,不同型号的钢丝绳,它的使用范围也不同。根据起重吊装作业...
