AttributiveclausesAttributiveclausesGrammarandusage(Revision)Revision定语从句(attributiveclauses)1.定义：2.先行词(antecedent)3.关系词(relativewords)关系词分类指人指物thatwhichwhosewhowhomthatwhosewhenwherewhy修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。relativepronouns（关系代词）relativeadverbs:（关系副词）关系词在定语从句中可以作：主语宾语表语定语状语theusageoftherelativepronoun关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语状语whowhomwhichthatwhose表语定语as定语从句中，关系代词常用that的情况：1.当先行词是all,everything,nothing,anything,none,little,much,theone等不定代词时,常用that引导定语从句。1）Thereisnothing(that)Icando.2）Thisisallthatisleft.3）Haveyougotanythingthatbelongstome?特殊用法2.当先行词被all,any,every,no,thevery,theonly,justthe等词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。1)Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2)Youmaytakehomeanyofthesebooksthatyoulike.3)Theonlythingthatwecandoistowait.3.当先行词是序数词﹑形容词最高级或被序数词(thefirst,thelast等)﹑形容词最高级修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。4.当先行词是两个或两个以上既有人又有物时，常用that引导定语从句。1)Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthattheyknew.5.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，无论先行词是人还是物，常用that引导定语从句。1）Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.6.有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。eg.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.7.主句是由which或who引导的特殊疑问句。eg.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?只用who,不用that的情况：（1）先行词是one，ones，anyone,those的时候：eg.Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Theoneswhoflattermedon’tpleaseme.Anyonewho________(fail)tofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.Thosewho________(fail)tofinishthetaskshouldbepunished.failsfail（2）一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词为that，另一个则用who。eg.Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleaderwhostudiesveryhard.(3)在therebe开头的句子中eg.Thereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.关系副词的用法关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和\"介词+which\"结构交替使用。例如：Thereareoccasionsonwhich（when）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplaceinwhich（where）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonforwhich（why）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？特别提醒：1.当先行词是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage等名词时，后面的定语从句关系词的使用有两种情况：1）当先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时用which/that引导。2）当先行词在从句中作状语时常用where来引导。试比较：Thecase________________sheexplainedwascommon.We’llseeacase_________themusiccouldcurepeople.that/which/--where2.当先行词way意为：方式，方法时，引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况：1）当way在从句中充当主语或宾语时，用which/that引导。2）当way在从句中作方式状语时，用inwhich或that或省略关系词三种形式。试比较：Theway_____________herecommendedtouswasquitesimple.Theway__________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.that/which/--that/inwhich/--判断关系代词与关系副词用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺少主语或宾语，就必须用关系代词；若从句中主谓宾齐全即不缺主语也不缺宾语就用关系副词。例如：Thisisthemountainvillage_________Ist...
