英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习1.主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物。可以由名词（短语），代词（短语）,动名词（短语），数词（短语），非谓语动词（todo/doing）,主语从句充当。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Fiveandfourisnine.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）2•谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征。可以由动词或动词短语充当，或由系动词+表语充当。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.Thepolicewilllookintothecase.（复合谓语）Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Heiscookinginthekitchen.Shecalledmelastnight.Tomcanswim.3.表语（predicative）系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。可以又名词（短语），代词（短语），数词（短语），介词短语，副词（短语），非谓语动词和从句充当。Heisateacher.（名词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（畐lj词）Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Herdreamistobealawyer.（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）（常见的系动词有全系动词be;表感官的系动词sound（听起来）,look（看起来），feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）；表保持的系动词remain（保持，仍是）,keep,stay;表变化的系动词turn,get,become,go;表终止的系动词turnout（结果是，被证明是），prove被证明是。Itsoundsagoodidea.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thedoorremainsopen.Treesturngreeninspring.Herplanturnsoutasuccess.4.宾语：可以由名词（短语），代词（短语），数词（短语），动名词（doing）,不定式（todo）和宾语从句充当。1）动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.Uponfinishinghisstudies,hestartedtravelinginChina.Hespentfivedollarsonthisbook.Shegoestoschoolonfoot.3）双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.Pleaseshowmeyourticket.Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.常见的双宾语及物动词：give,show,teach,lend,send,tell,buy等。5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式（todo）,现在分词（doing）,过去分词（done）充当。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn'tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.（副词）Pleasemakeyourselfathome.介词短语）Don'tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don'tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I'llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）6.主补：对主语的补充。（注：主动语态中的宾语补足语就是被动语态中的主语补足语）Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.7.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。可以由名词,代词,数词,形容词,副词（短语）,介词短语,现在分词,过去分词,不定式和定语从句充当。Tomisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewantstoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.（副词）Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.（介词）TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）8.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,ad...
