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Grammar1.Hesaid,“I’veleftmypeninmyroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthispeninhisroom.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.Shesaid,“Hewillbebusy.”→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→1.陈述句的间接引语—连接词用that,在口语中可省略。引述动词用said,told,等。例如：Hesaid,“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2.疑问句的间接引语。一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether，而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether，引述动词用asked，没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me，him等。例如：ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”→SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序。例如：TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.Theteacherasked,“Howdidyourepairit?”→4.如何变时态：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变如：1)Shesaid,“Ihavelostapen.”→Shesaidshehadlostapen.2)Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”→Shesaidtheyhopedso.3)Shesaid,“Hewillgotoseehisfriend.”→Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。(1)直接引语是客观真理。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.(2)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时,时态不变。XiaoWangsaid,“IwasbornonApril2l,1989.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1989.(3)直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,变间接引语时,时态保持不变。Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.(4)若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如：Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.(5)若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等动词时。如：Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.5.如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”。例如:now变为then,yesterday变为thedaybefore,today变为thatday。地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用指示代词修饰的状语,由“此”改为“彼”。(例如:this改为that),如：Hesaid,“Thesebooksaremine.”→Hesaidthosebookswerehis.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化:this→thatthese→thosenow→thentoday→thatdayyesterday→thedaybeforetomorrow→thenextdaynextweek(month,year)→thenextweek(month,year)ago→beforehere→there祈使句的间接引语——采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构:told/asked/orderedsb.(not)todosth.1.如果祈使句是表示请求，间接引语的动词常用ask，如果是表示命令，间接引语的动词常用tell,order,command等。2.有些表示建议的祈使句，变成间接引语时一般用suggestdoing/suggestthatsb.(should)do...或advisesb.todo/advisethatsb.(should)do...。如：“Let’sgocampingthisweekend,”Tomsaidtous.→Tomsuggested(us)______________thatweekend.→Tomsuggestedthat_____________________thatweekend.goingcampingwe(should)gocamp直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)祈使句Theofficersaidtohim,“Don’tleaveyourpost.”不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)Let’s开头的祈使句Isaidtohim,“Let’sstartatonce.”that引导的宾语从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe(should)startatonce.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)感叹句Hesaid,“HowhappyIam!”that/what/how引导的宾语从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy.Hesaidhowhappyhewas.例...