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语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone--inging形式形式的构成的构成V-ingV-ing可作可作::主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语;;定语、状语、宾语补足语定语、状语、宾语补足语但但不能作谓语不能作谓语((动名词动名词))((分词分词))(1)作主语⒈Beingofferedsuchajobwasgoodluck．⒉Beingkilledintrafficaccidentsisacommonoccurrence．⒊BeingselectedChairmanofthepartymadehimfeelproud．(2)作宾语⑴Hedislikesbeinginterruptedinhisexperiment．⑵Theycouldn'tstandbeingtreatedlikethat．⑶Shedoesn’trememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetogoabroad．⑷Hecameinwithoutbeingasked．注意：在want，need，deserve，require，等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“tobedone"。如：Thehousewantscleaning．Mywatchneedsrepairing．Thewaydeservesmentioning．Theseyoungtreeswillrequirelookingaftercarefully．Thefilmisworthseeing．(3)作表语①Teachingislearning.②Myhobbyismakingmodelplanes.③Whatworriedthechildmostwasnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital.-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。(4)作定语Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory．Thequestionsbeingdiscussedareofgreatimportance．Heaskedwhowasthemanbeingoperatedon.去年造好的桥正在建造的桥将要建造的桥主动被动正在进行doingdonebeingdonetobedone已经完成正在进行将要发生thebridgebuiltlastyearthebridgebeingbuiltnowthebridgetobebuiltsoon注意：做定语时做定语时(5)作状语⑴Beingaskedtogiveaperformance,shecouldn’tverywellrefuse.⑵Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.⑶Havingbeenwarnedabouttyphoon，thefishermensailedforthenearestharbour．⑷Havingbeenaskedtostay，Icouldn'tverywellleave．⑸Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance，howcouldyouletitslipaway?现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when或while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.WhilewatchingTVintheroom,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.WhileflyingovertheChannel,thepilotsawwhathethoughttobeameteorite（流星）.Whencrossingtheroad,youmustbecareful.在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致,但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语,这种结构称为:独立结构独立结构独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况,表示时间、原因、条件等,例如：1Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.(伴随情况)2Theshowerbeingover,wecontinuedtomarch.(时间)3Somanystudentsbeingabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(原因)4Weatherpermitting,we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.(条件)5Allthingsconsidered,herpaperisofgreatervaluethanyours.(6)作宾语补足语①Ioftenwatchthetrucksbeingloadedwithcoal．②Isawhimbeingtakenawaybythepolice．③Onecouldhearallkindsofthingsbeingdiscussedthere．④You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywhere.⑤Asweenteredthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.1．______thatitwasgoingtosnow，theclimbersdecidedtoputofftheirattemptonthehighestmountain．A．HavingtoldB．HavingbeentoldC．TobetoldD．Tohavetolding-形式练习B2．Iheardtheterriblesoundof________lastnight．A．thedoor'sshuttingB．thedoorbeingshuttingC．thedoorwasbeingshutD．thedoorbeingshut3．Thebuilding_______nowwillbeahospital．A．bebuiltB．tobebuiltC．beingbuiltD．beingbuildingDC44．．_______formonths_______formonths，，theroomisverydirtytheroomisverydirty．．AA．．Wehaven'tcleanitBWehaven'tcleanitB．．HavingnotcleanedHavingnotcleanedCC．．NothavingbeencleanedDNothavingbeenc...