英语学科教学论(一)1.Whatisthegoalofforeignlanguageteaching?TohelpthelearnermasterthetargetlanguageintheshortestpossibletimeBymasteringthetargetlanguage,wemeanthatthelearnerisabletohavesuccessfulcommunicationswithothersinthetargetlanguage.2.WhatisthenatureofFLTM?FLTMisasciencewhichstudiestheprocessesandpatternsofforeignlanguageteaching,aimingatrevealingthenatureandlawsofforeignlanguageteaching.Itexaminesthepracticesandproceduresinforeignlanguageteaching;studiesapproaches,methodsandtechniques;andstudiesprinciplesandbeliefsthatunderlinethem.3.WhydowecallFLTMisaninterdisciplinaryscience?Itinvolvesalotofdisciplinessuchasphilosophy,linguistics,psychology,pedagogy,Anthropology,Sociology.Sowecallitaninterdisciplinaryscience4.Whatarethemainfeaturesoftraditionallinguistics?(purpose,beliefs,approachandcontents)Purpose:tohelpunderstandclassicworksbeliefs:thewrittenformoflanguagesuperiortothespokenform.approach:aprescriptiveapproachContents:Classificationofallthewordsinto8partsofspeechandthestudyofthesyntaxofGreek5.WhatarethemainfeaturesofAmericanstructuralism?(beliefs,approachandcontents)beliefs:speechwasprimaryandwritingwassecondary.approach:adescriptiveandinductiveapproachContents:1.Alanguagewasahabitofverbalbehaviorwhichconsistedofaseriesofstimuliandresponses.2.Toacquirealanguagewastoformahabitofverbalbehaviorandlearningalanguagewaslearningahabit.6.WhatisChomsky’sexplanationofthefirstlanguageacquisitionprocess?Linguistsshouldstudythelinguisticcompetence,nottheperformance,ofthenativespeakerandtrytosetupasystemofrulesthatwillgenerateaninfinitenumberofgrammaticalsentences.7.Whatisthemainfeatureoffunctionallinguistics?themeaningofanysinglewordistoahighdegreedependentonitscontext.Thecontextofsituationmusthaveanimportantpositioninadescriptivelinguisticmodel.Linguisticeventsshouldbeaccountedforatthreeprimarylevels:substance)thematerialoflanguage),form(organization)andcontext(relationsoftheformtonon-linguisticfeaturesofthesituation).Threedimensions:field,tenor,andmode.8.WhatisthebasictheoryofGestaltpsychology?Contents:theareaofperception,aimingattheexplorationoftherelationshipbetweenpartsandwholeinpeople’sperceptualexperience.beliefs:peopleperceivesobjectsandscenesasorganizedwholesbeforetheynoticedtheircomponentparts9.Whatisthebasictheoryofpsychoanalysis?Contents:theanalysisoftheunconsciousmind.beliefs:unconsciousmentalprocessesinfluenceconsciousthoughtandaction.10.Whatisthebasictheoryofbehaviorism?Importantfigures:1.JohnB.Watson(Americanpsychologist)Contents:nonhumananimal’sbehaviorandtheexternalenvironmentalconditions.beliefs:Behaviorwastheonlypropersubjectofstudyinpsychology,becauseonlybehavior,notthemind,couldbeobservedpubliclyandobjectivelyImportantfigures:2.B.F.Skinner,theleaderofbehaviorismContents:learningTocharacterizelearningintermsofstimuliandresponsesToidentifybasiclearningprocessesBeliefs:learningprocessescanbedividedintotwokinds:classicalconditioningandoperantconditioning.11.Whatisthebasictheoryofcognitivepsychology?contents:toexplainobservablebehaviorbyreferencetohypotheticalmentalstructures.beliefs:experimentalsubjectsdonotsimplymakepassive,mechanicresponsestostimuli.Rathertheyareveryactiveinidentifyingthemeaningofstimuliandinexpectingtheconsequencesoftheirresponses.12.Whatarethemainsixtheoriesofsecondlanguageacquisition?Whatarethemainfeatures?Thehabit-formationtheory...
