一、词法数量：10大类分类依据：形式特征、意义、句法作用词类定义例词实词Notionalword名词Noun表示事物名称的词Market,people,water,information代词Pronoun代替名词或名词所有格的词I,me,we,your,hers,all,nothing动词Verb表示动作或状态的词Are,do,go,eat形容词Adjective表示人或事物性质特征的词Young,fast,excellent副词Adverb表示动作、状态、性质的程度的词Very,well,always数词Numeral表示数目或顺序的词One,first,thousand虚词Emptyword冠词Article名词前，说明名词含义A,an,the介词Proposition名词或代词之间，表关系Of,to,after,连词Conjunction连接，“关节”之意And,but,if感叹词Injection情感态度的词Oh,ah,well二、句法分类方法：按成分、按类别1.句子成分成分充当词例句英语语法框架概主语subject——“谁”“什么”动作或状态的发出者名词人称代词物主代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词形容词不定式动名词从句NounPersonalpronounPossessivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralAdjectiveInfinitiveGerundclauseThesungivesuslightandheat.Welovelife.Yourideaisgood,butmineisbetter.Thisismyfavoriteteacher.Whatisthemostimportantthinginyourlife?Nobodycanstopmestudying.Twoofyouaremybeststudents.Thesecondismysister.Theoldshouldbetakencareofinourcountry.Totalkiseasierthantodo.Helpingotherscanbringushappiness.Whatyoudidisbetterthanwhatyousaid.谓语predicate——主语的动作或状态实意动词联系动词NotionalverbLinkingverbWeplantoreviewourlessonsinthreemonths.WeareChinese.宾语object——及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容名词人称代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词物主代词相互代词NounPersonalpronounReflexivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounInfinitivepronounPossessivepronounReciprocalpronounNowadaysmanyforeignersarelearningChinese.Hefoolsusall.Believeinyourself.Ithankyouwilllikethis.Whoareyouwaitingfor?Theygoteverythingtheywant.Heisanoldfriendsofhers.Weshouldlearntorespecteachother.宾语补足语objectcomplement——形容词副词AdjectiveAdverbThatnewswillmakemotherhappy.Letmeshowyouout.宾语之后，补充说明名词介词短语不定式现在分词过去分词NounPrepositionalphraseInfinitivePresentparticiplePastparticipleWechoseTomourmonitor.Jerryfoundhiminastrangeworld.DonotforcemetodoanythingIdon’tlike.Don’tkeepmewaitingtoolong.Theyranawayandlefttheworkunfinished.表语predictive——说明主语，“补足语”形容词副词指示代词疑问代词不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句AdjectiveAdverbDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounIndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveGerundPresentparticiplePastparticipleclauseThemountainsaregreen.Timeisup.WhatIwantisthis.Iwanderwhoyouare.Itisnothingserious.Twoplustwoisfour.Mymotherisalwaysthefirsttogetup.Thewatchisjustunderthetable.Myjobistocleantheroad.Hisbobbyiscollectingstamps.Theresultisdisappointing.Wearedisappointedtotheresult.ThatiswhatIQmeans.定语attribute——修饰名词或代词名词形容词副词物主代词指示代词疑问代词NounAdjectiveAdverbPossessivepronounDemonstrativepronounInterrogativepronounHeworksinacarfactory.Nowtheworldisjustlikeasmallvillage.Thenativethereareveryfriendly.Theirinventionwontheworldprize.Thesewildplantsarewellprotected.Whichriveristhelongestintheworld?不定代词基数词序数词介词短语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词从句IndefinitepronounCardinalnumeralOrdinalnumeralPrepositionalphraseInfinitiveGerundPresentparticiplePastparticipleclauseBothhisparentsaredoctors.Theorganizationcontainseightcountries.Hewasthefi...
