西方文化导论_课后习题答案VIP免费

......专业word可编辑.(1)GiveabriefaccountofthemajorachievementsofGreekculture,suchasthoseinreligion,philosophy,literatureandscience.GreekreligionreallytookshapeduringtheHomericAgeandfeaturedpolytheismwithgodstakinghumanformandfeeling.GreekreligionmadeagreatcontributiontoGreekliterature,philosophyandart.ItisanimportantoriginofGreekmythologywhichwasfullydevelopedbythereligioustalesoftheHomericepicandthusaffectedthelaterdevelopmentofallkindsofGreekculture.GreekphilosophystartedwithThales(640BC–547BC)whobelievedthatthematerialworldoriginatedinwater.Hisphilosophywasmaterialism.HewasfollowedbyPythagoraswhoassumedthatthekeytotheunderstandingoftheworldisnumbers,ontheoppositionofthespokesmanforidealism.ThecoreGreekphilosophersareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.Socrateshadscantregardformaterialwealth,butwaskeenonprobingintothedefinitionofsomeethicalandbehavioralissues,suchas“friendship”and“courage”.PlatoestablishedtheAcademy－thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.Hiscontributionsincludedhistheoryofideasandhisargumentson“republic”whichwassupposedtoembracehisidealsaboutafuturestatewherehumanscouldenjoyahappylife.Aristotleisalsoalearnedmanandhisworkcoverswide-rangingareas.Hisreputationasaphilosopherlargelydependsonhisargumentonmetaphysicswhichhetriedtoachieveacompromisebetweenmatteranddivinity.LiteraryrepresentationcentredroundthetwoepicpoemsoftheIliadandtheOdyssey,lyricalpoetrybySapphoandPindaranddramabyAeschylus,Euripidesand......专业word可编辑.Aristophanes.TheirworkscombinedGreekmythsandsociallifeandwonmuchappreciationandenthusiasmfromthepublic.InsciencethemathematicianEuclidestablishedplanegeometryandArchimedesdiscoveredtheratioofradiusofacircleandtherelationshipbetweenthevolumeandsurfaceofasphere.(2)WhatdoyouthinkoftheinfluenceGreekculturehasexertedonWesterncivilizationasawhole?Giveexamples.GreekcultureisoftentermedthecradleoftheWesterncivilizationandhashadanenormousimpactonWesternculture.Thespecificcontributionsarefoundintheareasofphilosophy,politics,literature,art,scienceandarchitecture.GreekpoliticswasoneofthegreatestinfluencesontheWesterncivilization.TheGreekswerethefirsttosuccessfullycreateagovernmentbasedontheconsensusofthepeopleandthusprovidedafoundationforWesterndemocracy.Thesecondsignificantinfluencewasthatofphilosophy.TheSocraticideaaboutethicsandknowledgehelpedtheWesternerscaremorefortheeffectofknowledgeandvalueofmorality,bothofwhichgivesoundguidancetopeopleinthelateryearstoimproveandchangetheworldoutsidethemselves,i.e.,humansocietyandthenaturalworld.LatergenerationsofWesternershavebenefitedalotfromGreekculture,suchasthoseinpainting,sculpture,architecture,drama,poetryandhistoricalworks.ClassicismhadGreekcultureasoneofthecrucialsources,andthishashelpedWesternerssomuchthattheyascribedtheoriginoftheRenaissancetoit.ThischangedtheintellectualconditionsofthelatermedievalperiodandopenedthewaytothemoderneraintheWest.......专业word可编辑.Chapter21.TellbrieflythemajorcharacteristicsandcontributionsofRomanculture,asaredemonstratedinreligion,poetry,historyandarchitecture.Intheearlyperiod,Romancultureoftendependedheavilyontheintroductionandimitationofothercultures,particularly,Greekculture.ThusRomanscreatedtheirownpowerfulculture,layingthefoundationforsubsequentWesterncultureinmanyfields.AccordingtoGreekcultureandothers’culture;theycreatedtheirowngodsandmyth,Inpoetry,ancien...