高中英语句子成分和句子种类-VIP免费

1句子成分和句子种类详解句子成分和结构是英语的基础，是理解和表达英语的关键。英语中许多词类都对句子成分和结构有影响。英语中的句子是由词或短语组成的，这些词或短语在句子中起一定的作用，叫做句子成分。英语的篇章是由句子构成的，不同的内容需要不同类型的句式结构，这些句式结构又构成英语中不同的句子类型。学习英语句法的基础是了解句子成分、句子的基本结构和句子种类。I句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语和补足语等。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等是句子的次要部分。1.主语：主语说明谓语动作或状态的执行者，常用的作主语的词类有：名词（短语）、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和从句。Subjectisthetopicorthemeofthesentence,whichtellsofwhatthesentenceisabout.1）名词：Thestudentsarelearninggrammar.Ourteacherspeaksveryfast.2）代词：Sheiswriting.Helikesplayingtennis.3）数词：Fiveisanoddnumber.Sixismyfavouritenumber.4）不定式：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.Itisnoteasytorememberallrules.5）动名词：Swimmingisinteresting.Learninggrammarwellisdifficult.6）主语从句：WhatIsaidistrue.Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.2.谓语：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。Predicatesayssomethingaboutthesubjectandbearsthenewinformationwhichthespeakerorwriterwantstotransmittothelistenerorreader.1）简单谓语动词：Heboughtadictionaryyesterday.动词短语：Heislookingforhispen.2）复合谓语系动词+表语：Wearestudents.情态动词+不定式：Imaybewrong.动词+不定式：Wehavetodosomethingforthem.3.表语：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。充作表语的可以是单词、短语或从句。Predicativeexpressesthestatus,characteristicsorthequalityofthesubject.1）名词：Heisadoctor.Mr.Scottisafarmer.2）代词：Itisme.That'ssomethingwehavealwaystokeepinmind.23）数词：Myluckynumberisnine.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4）形容词：Theclassroomisbig.Hishairhasgonewhite.5）副词：Iamhere.6）介词：Weareintheclassroom.7）动名词：Myjobisteachingthemgrammar.=Teachingthemgrammarismyjob.8）分词：Thefilmisexciting.Timeispressing.Let'shurryup.9）不定式短语：Myjobistoteachthemgrammar.AllIcandoistosendheratelegram.10）表语从句：Helooksasifheweregoingtocry.Thesuggestionisthatweshouldrecitemorewords.注意：名词：身份、性质、内容。形容词：特点、特征。4.宾语：宾语为动作的承受者。Objectrepresentsthepersonorthethingthatsomethingisdonetoorthepersonwhoisconcernedintheresultofanaction.1）名词：Heisdrinkingwater.I'veboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2）代词：Theteacheristalkingtoher.Theydidn'tpromisehimanything.3）数词：Ilikesix.Iwantthefirst.4）动名词：HelikeswatchingTV.Ienjoyedworkingwithyou.5）不定式：Iwanttobuyabook.Myfatherlikestoswiminwinter.6）宾语从句：Heaskedifhemightgothere.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?注意：英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语、同源宾语等。1）单宾语：Icanhardlyheartheradio.Wouldyoupleaseturnitup?Pleasestopmakingnoise.DoyouunderstandwhatImean?2）双宾语：双宾语指动词后面接指人和指物的两个宾语。（指人的宾语叫间接宾语；指物的宾语叫直接宾语）其结构为：主语+及物动词（短语）+sb.+sth.Pleasetellmehowtheaccidentcameabout.（me为间接宾语，how从句为直接宾语）Theteacheraskedmeaquestion.（me为间接宾语，aquestion为直接宾语）3当直接宾语与间接宾语位置调换时，须在间接宾语前加介词to/for等。Wouldyouliketodomeafavor?=Wouldyouliketodoafavorforme?3）复合宾语：“宾语+宾语补足语”构成了复合宾语，宾...