高中化学方程式大全一、非金属单质（F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si，H）1、氧化性：F2+H2===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)F2+Xe(过量)==XeF22F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4(XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4)–nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2(水是还原剂)2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2OF2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2F2+2NaI===2NaF+I27F2(过量)+I2===2IF7F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF(ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO)3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3(ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3)Cl2+H23Cl2+2P3Cl2+2Fe2HCl(将H2在Cl2点燃；混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)2PCl3Cl2+PCl3Cl2+CuPCl5Cl2+2NaCuCl22NaCl2FeCl3Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3(在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl-)Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2––Cl2+2Br-=2Cl-+Br2Cl2+2I-=2Cl-+I2–3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO33Cl2+I+3H2O=6H++6Cl+IO35Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl––5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl+IO3+12H+Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓Cl2+S2=2Cl+S↓––1Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓(水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl+S↓–Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl––Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42+2ClCl2+H2O2===2HCl+O22O2+3FeCl2+H2O2=2H++Cl+O2–Fe3O4H2SO2+K===KO22S+CS+H2S+FeS+2Cu3S+2AlCS2S+ZnZnSFeS(既能由单质制取，又能由离子制取)Cu2S(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)Al2S3(只能由单质制取，不能由离子制取)催化剂高温高压N2+3H22NH3N2+3MgMg3N2N2+3CaK3NCa3N2N2+3BaN2+6RbP4+6H2H2+2LiBa3N22Rb3N4PH3N2+6NaN2+2AlP+3Na2Na3NN2+6K2AlNNa3P2P+3ZnZn3P22LiH2、还原性S+O2SO2S+H2SO4(浓)3SO2↑+2H2OS+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O-S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+SO243S+4HNO3(稀)3S+4H++4NO33SO2+4NO↑+2H2O3SO2+4NO↑+2H2ON2+O24P+5O22P+3X22NOP4O10(常写成P2O5)2PX3（X表示F2，Cl2，Br2）PX3+X2PX52P4+20HNO3(浓)C+2F2CF44H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2OC+2Cl2CCl4C+O2(足量)C+CO22C+SiO2CO22CO2C+O2(少量)2COC+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)Si+2CO(制得粗硅)SiCl4(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)SiO2Si+CSiC(金刚砂)↑Si(粗)+2Cl2Si(粉)+O2Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H22-(Si+2OH-+H2O=SiO3+2H2↑)3、歧化反应Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO（加碱或光照促进歧化：(Cl2+H2O+HClO）Cl2+2NaOH==NaCl+NaClO+H2O+H2O)Cl2+2Ca(OH)2==CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O+H2O)3Cl2+6KOH(浓)–H++Cl–(Cl2+2OH=Cl+ClO–––(Cl2+2OH=Cl+ClO–––5KCl+KClO3+3H2O(3Cl2+6OH–5Cl+ClO3–+3H2O)2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O3S+6NaOH(3S+6OH–2S2–+SO32–+3H2O)4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O==PH3↑+3KH2PO2(4P+3OH–+3H2O==PH3↑+3H2PO2)11P+15CuSO4+24H2O==5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4C+CaO–CaC2+CO↑33C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑二．金属单质（Na,Mg,Al,Fe,Cu）的还原性2Na+H22Na+O22NaH4Na+O2==2Na2O2Na2O+O22Na2O2Na2O22Na+S==Na2S（爆炸）2Na+2H2O=2Na++2OH+H2↑――2Na+2H2O==2NaOH+H2↑2Na+2NH3==2NaNH2+H2↑2Na+2NH3=2Na++2NH2+H2↑4Na+TiCl2Mg+O24NaCl+TiMg+Cl2Mg+SMgCl2Mg+Br2MgSMgBr22MgO2Cu+SCu2S(Cu2S只能由单质制备)Mg(OH)2+H2↑Ti+2MgCl22MgO+CMg+2H2O2Mg+TiCl42Mg+CO2Mg+2RbCl2Mg+SiO2MgCl2+2Rb2MgO+SiMg+H2S==MgS+H2Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑2Al+3Cl22AlCl3(Mg+2H+=Mg2++H2↑)4Al+3O2===2Al2O3(常温生成致密氧化膜而钝化，在氧气中燃烧)4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg（铝汞齐）4Al+3MnO22Al+Fe2O32Al2O3+3Mn2Al+Cr2O32Al+3FeOAl2O3+2Cr(铝热反应)Al2O3+3FeAl2O3+2Fe2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑2Al+6H+=2Al3++3H2↑2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O(Al,Fe在冷,浓的4H2SO4,HNO3中钝化)Al+4HNO3(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2OAl+4H++NO3=Al3++NO↑–+2H2O2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2↑2Al+2OH+2H2O=2AlO2––+3H2↑2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr33Fe+2O2Fe3O42Fe+O22FeO(炼钢过程)Fe+I2Fe+SFeI2FeS(FeS既能由单质制备，又能由离子制备)Fe3O4+4H2↑Fe+2H+=Fe2++H2↑Fe+Cu2+=Fe2++Cu↓3Fe+4H2O(g)Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2↑Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+CuFe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2(铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全还原为单质锡Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn↓Fe+Sn...
