定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句,是一种形容词性的从句
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词
1.关系代词:whowhomwhosewhichthat关系代词引导从句,代替先行词,在从句中充当一个成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等,所以在作主语时,动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致
who----可作主语、宾语,作主语时,只能用who,who作宾语时是非正式Thisisthemanwhohelpedme
whom---作宾语(正式用法),在介词后只能用whom人ThisisthemanwhomImetinthestreetyesterday
(正式用法)ThisisthemanwhoImetinthestreetyesterday
(非正式用法)whose—who的属格形式,用来指人,也可以用来指物that---可代替who,whomWhich----可作主语,宾语物eg
Thewatchwhichwaslosthasbeenfound
Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfreshthat-------可作主语,宾语eg
TheletterthatIreceivewasfrommyfather
当关系代词充当介词宾语时,可以把介词提前,也可以不提前,但是在含有介词的动词固定搭配中,介词只能放在原来的位置eg
Thisistheteacherwhomheworkedwith
Thisistheteacherwithwhomheworked
Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked
Thisisthebookwhichyouaskedfor
Thisisthepenwhichhehasbeenlookingfor
(lookfor词组中for不能提前)先行词是人时,常用who而不用that的情况