三种非谓语动词三种非谓语动词的的逻辑主语逻辑主语非谓语动词意义上的行为执行者就是其逻辑主语.如果其逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主动关系,则非谓语动词要用主动语态形式;如果是被动关系,则用被动语态形式.一.不定式的逻辑主语1.一般来说,动词不定式的逻辑主语就是句中的主语.Iamsorrytohearthat.Weneedoxygentobreath.Hewasseentogooutwithaman.HewantstolearnEnglish.Somestarsaretoosmalltobeseen.Thispointtobeexplainedisaboutthelonghistoryofiron.2.在以“宾语＋不定式”的复合结构中，宾语就是不定式的逻辑主语．Shewantsyoutocallhimbackat11.Ioftenheardhimsingthesong.Theywantthemachinetobetestedatonce.3.在“for/of”+名词（或代词的宾格）＋动词不定式的结构中，“for/of”后的名词（或代词的宾格）为动词不定式的逻辑主语．Thisisforyoutodecide.Idon’tthinkitadvisable(可取的）forhertostudymedicineTherearealotofexperimentforthestudentstodo.Thisboxistooheavyforhimtocarry.It’simportantforthestudentstolearnaforeignlanguage.It’sverykindofyoutodinner.二．动名词的逻辑主语Heavoidedgivingusadefiniteanswer.Haveyoufinishedreadingthebook?I’vebeenlookingforwardtogoingtoBeijingforalongtime.Normanhatedbeingafool.2.动名词的逻辑主语如果不与句子的主语一致，则该动名词前一般有一个物主代词或名词所有格作为它的逻辑主语．这种“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”结构就是动名词的复合结构．它在句中具有主语，表语、定语或宾语的功能。Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Doyouthinkhergoingtherewillbeofanyhelp?TheyallthoughtLaoLi’sgoingthereagreatmistake.Ihadnoideaoftheirhavingdonesuchathing.注意:在现代英语中,尤其是在口语中,如果不是在句子的开头,这种逻辑主语常可用名词的通格(或人称代词的宾格)来代替,这比用所有格更自然些.Hedidn’tlikeyoungpeople/themsmoking.Shewasawakenbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.三.分词的逻辑主语1.分词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句中的主语.Whenheated,waterwillbechangedintovapour.Givenenoughtime,hewoulddoitbetter.Whileheatingwater,wecanchangeitintovapour.Beingaleaguemember,healwayssetsagoodexampletoothers.2.分词作宾语补足语时,宾语就是其逻辑主语.SuddenlyIheadthedooropened.SuddenlyIheardsomeoneopeningthedoor.3分词作定语时,被修饰的名词就是其逻辑主语.Thehoursbeingbuiltisourlaboratory.Officialssaydiseasescauseddirectlybysmokingkillatleast320,000Americanseveryyear.Somecompaniesareofferingspecialgiftsandlowerpricestopeoplesigninganagreementtostopsmoking.4.分词独立结构分词作状语时,有时其逻辑主语与句中的主语不一致,它可以有自己的逻辑主语.该逻辑主语通常用名词的通格或代词的主格表示,放在分词的前面.构成”名词通格(或代词主格)+分词”的结构,称为分词独立结构.该结构通常修饰整个句子,表示时间、原因、条件或伴随情况.Theproblemhavingbeensolved,weendedthemeeting.(=havingsolvedtheproblem,weendedthemeeting.Therainhavingruinedhercap,shehadtobuyanewone.Thenightbeingdark,shewasafraidtogothere.Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.注意:分词独立结构主要用于描绘性文字中;口语中用状语从句或并列句更自然些.5.分词独立结构前面有时带有“with/without”,构成”with/without+宾语(名词或代词)”结构,表示伴随情况.Withhimstayinghereinthehouse,Ifeltquitesafe.Helayinhisbedwitheyesclosed.
