ThePresentPerfectTenseThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时态一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时的形式是“have/has+过去分词”，一般表示继续、完成、结果和经验四种意思。1现在完成时的肯定句句型主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have主语（第三人称复数）+have+过去分词主语（第三人称单数）+hasWehavelivedinBeijing.HehaslivedinBeijing.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.2现在完成时的否定句句型主语+have/has+not+过去分词+……Ihavenotseenthemovieyet.Hehasn’tbeentoBeijingsincethen3现在完成时的一般疑问句句型Have/Has+主语+过去分词+….Haveyoufinishedthework?Hasshearrivedhere?4现在完成时的特殊疑问句句型特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+…….HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?二、现在完成时的用法1、结束、结果表示过去发生并结束的动作对现在产生的影响和结果。A、表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束，常和以下的时间状语连用：justnowalreadyeverneveryetLiMinghasjustturnedoffthelight.I’vefinishedmyhomeworknow.B、表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着，这时一般不用时间状语Ihavelostmypen.Shehasbecomeateacher.2继续表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，而且还能够继续下去的动作或状态。往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。Ihaveknownhimfortenyears.Ihaveknownhimsincetenyearsago.例：lately/recently/since+时间点/sofar/tillnow/for+一段时间3经验表示过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情。常和often,never,ever,once,twice,threetimes,before,since等连用。Hehasneverbeenillinhislife.IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.三、使用现在完成时需注意事项1、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以，一些表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。如：句中有ago,last或由when引起的问句都不能与完成时连用。Icleanedmyroomyesterday.Ihavealreadycleanedmyroom.A.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别举例Ihavevisitedyourschoolthreeweeksago.(F)改：Ivisitedyourschoolthreeweeksago.Ihavevisitedyourschoolalready.比较：Heclosedthewindows.他关了这个窗户。Hehasclosedthewindows.他关上了窗户。B.When不能与现在完成时连用。-Whendidhejointhearmy?-Lastyear.-Oh,hehasbeeninthearmyforoneyear.2点动词点动词也叫终止性动词，不能延续。因此这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。Hehasbeendeadfor4years.Hehasbeendeadsince4yearsago.Hehasdied.Hedied4yearsago.注：leave-beaway/getup–beup/buy-have/borrow-keep/open-beopen/close-beclosed/die-bedead/join-bein;beamemberof/begin-beon/cometo;goto-bein;at/等。3have/hasbeento与have/hasgonetohave/hasbeento去过某地have/hasgoneto去了某地have/hasbeenin在某地ShehasbeentoShanghaitwice.ShehasgonetoShanghai.ShehasbeeninShanghaifor3years.实力测验用括号中动词的适当形式填空1.He(wait)foranhour.2.I(notfinish)theworkyet.3.you(know)himsincethen?4.I(hear)frommyfatherrecently.5.We(be)theremanytimesinthepast3years.6.Thedog(die)since3daysago.7.They(finish)theworksofar.8.Howlongyou(stay)athomealready?9.I(notread)thebookbefore.10.Hejust(do)it.11.Mysister(walk)toschooleverydaylastyear.12.We(have)anexamagainsometimenextweek.13.By2000,we(plant)2000trees.14.Lucy(go)toShanghai.She(leave)thismorning.15.Tom(buy)thebikefor2years.haswaitedhaven’tfinishedHaveknownhaveheardhavebeenhasbeendeadhavefinishedhavestayedhaven’treadhasdonewalkedwillhavehadplantedhasgonelefthavehadThankyouThankyouGoodbye
