Attributiveclause定语从句（一）Introductiontoattributiveclauses&Relativepronouns:that,which,who,whom,whoseandas.定语从句（attributiveclause）:修饰主句中名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。先行词（antecedent）:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系代/副词（relativepronoun&relativeadverb）:引导定语从句的代词或副词叫做关系代/副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。Maryisastudentwhois21yearsold.()()TheschoolwherehestudiedisinShenzhen.()()先行词先行词关系代词关系副词关系代词在定语从句中可以充当：主语（subject）宾语（object）表语（predicative）定语（attribute）状语（adverbial）关系代词的用法关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语，宾语whom人宾语whose人，物定语which物主语，宾语that人，物主语，宾语，表语as人，物主语，宾语，表语1.who：指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.（主语）Mr.LingisjusttheboywhoIwanttosee.（宾语）2.Whom：指人，在定语从句中充当宾语。Mr.Liuisthepersonwhomyoutalkedaboutonthebus.3.Whose：通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.4.Which：指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thisisthepenwhichheboughtyesterday.5.That：指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语，宾语或表语，做宾语时可省略。Thenumberofthepeoplethatcometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.（主语）WhereisthemanthatIsawthismorning?（宾语）Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.（表语）6.As：既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语。它常用在thesame…as,such…as等句型中，as不可省略。Heissuchagoodpersonaseverybodyhererespects.IhadthesameexperienceinAmericaasyouhad.Payattention：关系代词在从句中做主语时，根据先行词的数确定谓语动词的数。当先行词被the(only)oneof修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式；当先行词被oneof修饰时，谓语动词应用单数形式。Heisthe(only)oneoftheboyswhoknowsSpanish.HeisoneoftheboyswhoknowSpanish.Payattention：Whom在从句中做宾语可以用who或that替换，但介词后的whom不可以被替换。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.Payattention：Whose+n,相当于of+whom/which+the+n或the+n+of+whom/which.Theclassroomthedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.=Hehasafriendthefatherofwhom/ofwhomthefatherisadoctor.Payattention:当先行词被thesame修饰时，也可用that引导定语从句，但指同一物。ThisisthesamethatIlostlastweek.（同一支钢笔）ThisisthesameasIlostlastweek.（相像的钢笔）1.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词，以及last,only,very,same,one,few,any,little,much,no,Some等词修饰时。如：Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistoworkoutaplan.Newtonwasoneofthegreatestmenthateverlived.以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。2.先行词为不定代词everything,something,nothing，anything,all,much,little,none,few等不定代词时。如：IamfondofeverythingthatyouhaveboughtinChina.3.先行词既有人又有物时。如：Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.Lookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.4.当主句中有who,which等疑问代词时。如：Whichisthedictionarythatyouwant?Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythedoor?
