英语句法（一）英语句法（一）语法系列一一..英语句子的基本成分有英语句子的基本成分有88种：种：主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial)补语(complement)表语(predicative)同位语(Appositive)主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Thetaxidrivershoutedatmeangrily.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Ayounggirlwalkedconfidentlyintheroom.Theydrovehimawayinapolicecar.基本句型实例•1.SV(主语＋不及物动词)•Shecame.•Myheadaches.•Thebabyiscrying.基本句型实例•2.SVC(主语＋系动词＋表语)•Sheishappy．•Heisastudent.基本句型实例•3.SVO(主语＋及物动词＋宾语)•ShelikesEnglish.•Sheboughtaskirt.基本句型实例•4.SVoO(主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)•ShegaveJohnabook．•Sheboughtabookforme.基本句型实例•5.SVOC(主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语)•Shemakeshermotherangry．•Webelievedhimhonest.•Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.基本句型实例•6.SVA(主语＋动词＋状语)•TheyliveinLosAngeles.•7.SVOA(主语+动词+宾语+状语)•Heputthecoininhismouth.附属成份基本成份的修饰语，可以是：•定语：即用来修饰名词的单词、短语或从句•状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外的词的单词、短语或从句。句子成分随堂练习找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.LastweekIwenttothesupermarket.状主谓状Theplaywasveryinteresting.Theplaywasveryinteresting.主系状表Ican’thearaword.Ican’thearaword.主谓宾Theyweretalkingloudly.Theyweretalkingloudly.主谓状ItwasSunday.ItwasSunday.主系表IgetupearlyonSundays.IgetupearlyonSundays.主谓状状Ilookedattheyoungmanandtheyoungwomanangrily.Ilookedattheyoungmanandthe主谓宾youngwomanangrily.宾状Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’tunderstandaword.Ireadafewlines,butIdidn’t主谓定宾连主谓understandaword.谓宾Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidn’tsendcardstomyfriends.Myholidayspassedquickly,butI主谓状连主didn’tsendcardstomyfriends.谓宾状Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.Igotupearlyandboughtthirtycards.主谓状连谓定宾HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.Heisworkingforabigfirmandhehas主谓状连主谓alreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferent状谓定定placesinAustralia.宾定HehasjustboughtacarandhasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.Hehasjustboughtacarand主谓状谓宾连hasgonetoAliceSprings,asmalltown谓状同位语inthecentreofAustralia.定Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreet主谓宾定onceamonthandalwaysasksfor状连状谓amealandaglassofbeer.宾
