倒装句英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语在后。把谓语放在主语之前,就叫做倒装。全部谓语放在主语之前,叫做全部倒装;只把部分谓语即be动词、助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,叫做部分倒装。1.存在句(therebe/live/stand/lie/seem等)需要全部倒装。如:Thereoncelivedanoldhunterinthehouse.这所房子里曾住过一位老猎人。Thereseemstobemanylisteners.似乎有很多听众。2.副词here,there,now,then等置于句首(经常与go,come等动词连用),全句需要全部倒装。如:Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Nowcomesyourturn.现在轮到你了。注意:如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。如:Heretheyare.Hereitis.他们在这儿。3.介词短语作为地点状语置于句首,后面如果有lie,live,sit,stand,come,go等动词,全句需要全部倒装。如:Intothehallcamethreewomen.大厅里走进来三位妇女。Intheeastoftheschoolliesabigbookshop.学校的东边有一个大的书店。4.当上文所表达的含义也适用于另一个人或物时,要用so/neither/nor+be/助词/情态动词+主语;此时谓语的时态、语态应与前句谓语的时态、语态相一致。如:—Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经做完作业了。—Sohashe.他也做完了。—Ihaven’tseenthatfilm.我没看过那部电影。—Neither(Nor)haveI.我也没有。5.notonly...butalso...连接两个并列句,且notonly置于句首时,前句需要部分倒装。如:Notonlydidhedislikethewaywespoke,buthedislikedthewaywedressed.他不但不喜欢我们说话的方式,而且也不喜欢我们着装的方式。一般过去时的用法:一、表示过去的动作或状态:Iboughtthehatyesterday.这顶帽子是我昨天买的。HewasatschoollastMonday.上星期一他在上学。二、表示过去的习惯动作:Whenhewasatschool,hewroteadiaryeveryday.他上学时,每天写一篇日记。Iusedtogetupearly.我以前习惯早起。注:“usedto+动词原形”表示过去某一段时间内有规律的习惯。用于一般过去时的时间状语有:yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),ago(以前),justnow(刚才),lastnight(week,Sunday,month,year),atthattime(moment),then(那时),afewdays(weeks,months,years)ago等。重温祈使句一、表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的主语一般是1.you(听话人),通常省略,其谓语动词一律用2.动词原形。句3.末用感叹号或句号,语调读降调。二、祈使句的结构形式:1.肯定的祈使句。(1)句中只有不及物动词。如:Comehere!过来!Look!看!Comein!进来!(2)及物动词+宾语。如:Closethedoor!关门!Openyourbooks!翻开课本!(3)系动词+表语。如:Bequiet,please!请安静!Becareful!小心!2.否定的祈使句。祈使句否定式的构成是直接在动词原形前加don’t。为了表示礼貌,也可以加上please。如:Don’ttalkinclass.不要在课堂上讲话。Don’tclosethewindow,please.请不要关窗户。3.Let引导的句子也是一种祈使句,表示建议。Letmehelpyou.让我帮你吧。Let’sgo.咱们走吧!这种祈使句的否定结构是在let’s后加not。如:Let’snotgonow.咱们现在先别走。4.以no开头的表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!一般过去时专练I.用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Thechildren______(go)totheparkeverySundaylastyear.2.I______(do)myhomeworklastnight.3.Theteacher______(ask)ustodotheexercisesonpage38justnow.4.Mary______(be)outwhenIcalledher.5.Mybrother______(go)tostudyinAmericatwoyearsago.II.按要求完成句子。1.TheywentshoppinglastSunday.(对划线部分提问)____________they______lastSunday?2.Whatdayisittoday?(用yesterday改写句子)Whatday____________yesterday?3.IleftforParisyesterdaymorning.(对划线部分提问)________________________forParis?4.TheywereinLondonlastweek.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)—____________inLondonlastweek?—______,____________.5.Iwentoutforawalkaftersupper.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)—__________________outforawalkaftersupper?—______,____________.祈使句专练III.把下列句子改为祈使句。1.Youmustlookafteryourthings!____________yourthings,please.2.CanIhavealookatyourphoto?____________havealookatyourphoto.3.Youcan’tthrowthingsonthefloor.____________thingsonthefloor.4.Couldyouhelpmetakethesebasketstomycar?____________takethesebasketstomycar,please.5.Wegotoschooltogether.____________toschooltogether.Key:I.1.went2.did3.asked4.was5.wentII.1.Whatdid,do2.wasit3.Whendidyouleave4.Werethey;Yes,theywere5.Didyougo;No,Ididn’tIII.1.Lookafter2.Letme3.Don’tthrow4.Helpme5.Let’sgo
