第九章微流控分析芯片Doyouknow?•Biochip生物芯片•Lab-on-a-Chip芯片实验室Labchip•MicrofluidicChip微流控芯片•MicroTotalAnalysisSystem(MicroTAS,TAS)微全分析系统Researchintominiaturizationisprimarilydrivenbytheneedtoreducecostsbyreducingtheconsumptionofexpensivereagentsandbyincreasingthroughputandautomation.Forexample,mostareawareoftheincreasingcostofhealthcare,driveninpartbythecostofimplementingthelatestdiagnosticassays.Theseassays,whichareusuallyperformedinmicrotiterplatesthatconsumehundredsofmicrolitersofreagents,wouldbenefitfromtheuseofmicrofabricatedarraysofnanolitervolumevials.Byreducingreagentconsumptionbyafactorof103–104,thesedevicescouldprovidedramaticsavingsfortherepetitiveassaysoftenperformedindiagnosticlaboratories.Whyminiaturization？Anal.Chem.2000,72,330A-335AInthesamewaythatintegratedcircuitsallowedfortheminiaturizationofcomputersfromthesizeofaroomtothesizeofanotebook,miniaturizationhasthepotentialtoshrinkaroomfullofinstrumentsintoacompactlab-on-a-chip.Anal.Chem.2000,72,330A-335A尺寸效应（cm→100m）•尺寸1/100•分子扩散时间1/10,000(1h→0.36s)•体积1/1,000,000试剂用量1t→1g,ml→nl•传热速度1500oC/s由此将带来：–方法上的变革–理论上的突破–还有巨大的经济和社会效益阵列芯片微流控芯片微流控分析芯片•微流控分析芯片目的是通过化学分析设备的微型化与集成化，最大限度地把分析实验室的功能转移到便携的芯片中。•微流控分析芯片通过微机电加工技术把整个实验室的功能，包括采样、稀释、加试剂、反应、分离、检测等集成在几平方厘米的微流控芯片上，且可多次使用，因而极大地减少了样品和分析试剂的用量，降低了分析的成本，加快了分析的速度，具有广泛的适用性。参考文献•D.Figeys,D.Pinto,Lab-on-a-Chip:ARevolutioninBiologicalandMedicalSciences,AnalyticalChemistry,2000,72,330A•D.R.Reyes,D.Iossifidis,P.A.Auroux,A.Manz,MicroTotalAnalysisSystems.1.Introduction,Theory,andTechnology,AnalyticalChemistry,2002,74,2623•P.A.Auroux,D.Iossifidis,D.R.Reyes,A.Manz,MicroTotalAnalysisSystems.2.AnalyticalStandardOperationsandApplications,AnalyticalChemistry,2002,74,2637•T.Vilkner,D.Janasek,A.Manz,MicroTotalAnalysisSystems.RecentDevelopments,AnalyticalChemistry,2004,76,3373•马立人，蒋中华，生物芯片，化学工业出版社，北京，2002•方肇伦，微流控分析芯片，科学出版社，北京，2003目录9-1发展历史9-2相关理论9-2-1基本概念9-2-2理论描述和模拟9-3基础技术9-3-1微制造9-3-2界面和连接9-3-3流体控制9-4单元操作9-4-1样品制备9-4-2注射9-4-3流体和颗粒操作9-4-4反应器和混合器9-4-5分离9-4-6检测9-5应用9-5-1细胞培养和操作9-5-2免疫分析和临床检验9-5-3蛋白质分析9-5-4核酸分析目录9-1发展历史9-2相关理论9-2-1基本概念9-2-2理论描述和模拟9-3基础技术9-3-1微制造9-3-2界面和连接9-3-3流体控制9-4单元操作9-4-1样品制备9-4-2注射9-4-3流体和颗粒操作9-4-4反应器和混合器9-4-5分离9-4-6检测9-5应用9-5-1细胞培养和操作9-5-2免疫分析和临床检验9-5-3蛋白质分析9-5-4核酸分析TheEarlyDays:1975-1989•ThefirstanalyticalminiaturizeddeviceAgaschromatographicairanalyzerfabricatedonasiliconwaferTerry,S.C.Ph.D.Thesis,Stanford,Stanford,CA,1975Terry,StephenC.;etal.IEEETransactionsonElectronDevices,1979,ED-26(12),1880•Aminiaturegasanal.systembasedontheprinciplesofgaschromatog.•ThemajorcomponentsarefabricatedinSiusingphotolithog.andchem.etchingtechniques,whichallowssizeredns.ofnearly3ordersofmagnitudecomparedtoconventionallaboratoryinstruments.•consistsofasampleinjectionvalve,a1.5-m-longcapillarycolumn.Athermalconductivitydetectorfabricatedonaseparatesiliconwafer.•sepns.ofgaseou...
