初中宾语从句详细讲解教师版VIP免费

宾语从句一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：Iknowtheman.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.主句引导词从句宾语从句三大块:1.引导宾语从句的连接词（从属连接词和连接代词）；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）作用有无意义在从句中所做成分从属连接词that只起连接作用无无Whether/if起连接作用有（表示是否）无连接词连接代词What连接+从句中做成分什么（指物）主，宾，表Which连接+从句中做成分哪一个（指物）主，宾，表who连接+从句中做成分谁（指人主格）主，表whom连接+从句中做成分谁（指人宾格）宾whose连接+从句中做成分谁的（指人所有格）定连接副词Where连接+从句中做成分地点状语When连接+从句中做成分时间状语Why连接+从句中做成分原因状语How连接+从句中做成分方式状语1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1)IsJimagoodstudent?Idon’tknowIdon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.1(2)DoesKategetupearly?Doyouknow?Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?注意：只能用whether不用if的三种情况•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：•①与ornot连用：HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.•②在介词之后：Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings•③在不定式之前：Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.Whatisshedoing?Canyoutellme?Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?2.Wheredoesshelive?Doyouknow?Doyouknowwhereshelives?Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是____任何___时态。Idon’tthink(that)youareright.2Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___过去______时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1)TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2)Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3)Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow______there__________ameetinginfivedays.4)CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5)Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6)Haveyoufinishedyourhomewor...