初中英语动词不定式的几种省略形式非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很复杂，现就TO在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。1．感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看”：feel,listento、hear,let、make、have,see、watch、notice、observe、lookat.HenoticedTomtakeabranchofflowersinhishand.他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。Theteacherhasuswriteacompositioneveryweek.老师要我们每周写一篇文章。注：除let外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to。Thepersonwasseentoentertheshopbyus.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。2由all，what引导的主语从句或者主语被only,first,one,least或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。AllIdidwasemptythebottle.我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。WhatIwantedtodowasdriveallnight.我想做的是彻夜开车。TheonlythingIcoulddowasdoitmyself。我惟一能做的是我自己解决。3．常用的结构maywelldo，mayaswelldo(还是…好了)及but或except后接不定式时，如果它们前面有do便可省略to，其结构为cannotdobut…，cannothelpbut…等句型，Wemightaswellputupherefortonight.我们不妨今晚就在这儿过夜。Shecandonothingbut/exceptsing.她除了唱歌什么也没做。Thereisnothinghecoulddobutplayalldaylong。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。4．不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带to也可不带。CanIhelp（to）carryitforyou?我可以帮你搬吗？Ihelpedhim（to）mendthebike.我帮助他修理自行车。5．在hadbetter，wouldrather，ratherthan之后省略to。You'dbetternottellhimthenews.你最好不把这个消息告诉他。Ratherthanwaitanyone,Idecidedtogohomebytaxi.我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。6.由并列连词and，except,but,than,or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时，第二个动词不定式不带to。I’dliketostaywithyou,helpyouandlearnfromyou.我想留下和你一起呆着，帮助你并且向你学习。Shetoldustostayathomeandwaittillshecameback.她告诉我们呆在家里一直等到她回来。注：如果两个不定式表示对照或对比时，则不能省略to.Totryandfailisbetterthannottotryatall.尝试而失败也比不尝试好。Hehasn′tdecidedwhethertoquitortostay.他还没有决定是去还是留。Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.是生存还是死亡，这是一个问题。7以Why或Whynot开头表请求的结构中常跟上动词原形,省略to。Whynotgooutforawalk?为什么不出去散散步呢？8通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think等词后作宾补时，可以省去tobe。例如：Heissupposed（tobe）nice.他应该是个好人。EXERCISES1.Youhadbetter______yourhaircut.A.hadB.haveCtogetDtohave2We______putthemeetingoffforaweek.AcanaswellB.willaswellC.shallaswellD.mayaswell3He______liveinthecountrythaninthecity.AprefersBlikestoChadbetterD.wouldrather4Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather______anastronaut.A.becomeB.tobecomeCbecomingDbecame5Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning6---Iusuallygotherebytrain.----Whynot___byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing7Hewantstodonothingbut＿＿out.ＡtogoＢgoＣgoingＤgoes8Hewantstobelieveanythingbut___themedicine.AtotakeBtakeCtakeDtakes9Comparedwithwomen.menalwaysprefer____athomeratherthan____somuchtimeshopping.Atofinish,tospendBtofinish,spendCfinish,spendDfinish,tospendANSWERS1A,2D,3D,4A,5B,6D,7B,8C,9B.
