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与现在的事实相反主句主句If条件状语从句If条件状语从句与过去的事实相反与将来的事实相反1、与现在事实相反：从句：主句：would/should/could/might+dodid/wereIfIsleptinclass,Iwouldfallbehindothers.Ifyouwereoneofthemnow,would/should/could/mightyoudothesamething?usemobilephoneinclassIfIwerethestudentnow,Iwouldnotusethemobilephoneinclass.Ifyouwereoneofthemnow,would/should/could/mightyoudothesamething?cheatintheexamIfIwereoneofthemnow,Iwouldnotcheatintheexam.IfTitanic________(nothit)aniceberg,theunsinkableship_______________(notsink)intotheocean.hadn’thithadn’thitwouldn’thavesunkwouldn’thavesunk2、与过去事实相反：从句：主句：would/should/could/might+have+donehaddoneIfhe__________（drive）morecarefully,he_________________(have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfyouhadbeenonthespot(在现场),whatwouldyouhavedone?IfIhadbeenonthespot(在现场),Iwouldhavesenthertohospital.如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是--一万年!3、与将来事实可能相反：从句：主句would/should/could/might+dodid/wereshould+dowereto+doWhatwouldyoudoifyouwonthelottery(彩票)someday?如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是--一万年!IftheGod________________________(give)meanotherchance，I_________(tell)thegirlthreewords,“Iloveyou.”IfI______(haveto)setatimelimittoourlove,It_________(be)10,000years!shouldgive/weretogive/gaveshouldgive/weretogive/gavewouldtellwouldtellhadtohadtowouldbewouldbe虚拟语气在‘if’条件句中要注意的问题：1.if的省略如果条件句中有were,had,should等助动词，可将if省略，而把were,had或should置于句首,来表达以if引导的条件句的相同意思。Ifitweretorain/shouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Ifhehadseenyouyesterday,hewouldhavereturnedyourbook.=Wereittorain/shoulditraintomorrow,…=Hadheseenyouyesterday,…2.含蓄条件句由某些介词、介词短语、连词或副词代替条件状语从句。如without,butfor,but,or(else),otherwise,butthat-clause要不是暑假有课，我就去上海看世博了________theclassesduringthesummerholiday,I____________________(visit)theWordExpoinShanghai.Butforwouldhavevisited我那天病了，否则我就帮助你了。Iwasillthatday.Otherwise/Or/OrelseIwouldhavehelpedyou.我本能给你更多的帮助，但是我太忙了。Icouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.没有你的帮助，我就不可能取得这么大的进步Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesuchgreatprogress.3.错综条件句/混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主从句位于动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句/错综条件句。如果早点努力学习的话，你现在就不会后悔了。Ifyouhadworkedhardearlier,youwouldnotregretnow.Iftheflower_______________lastweek,it______________now.hadbeenwateredwouldn’tdie如果昨天傍晚没有下雨，现在地上就不会如此地湿如果我们没有错过那辆公汽，我们会现在在家吃午饭。Ifithadn’trainedyesterdayevening,thegroundwouldnotbesowetnowIfwehadnotmissedthatbus,wewouldhavelunchathomenow.一、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法1.wish现在did/were过去haddone将来would/coulddoNotes:hope后接宾语从句却不用虚拟语气IwishIwereabird.IwishIwereastallasyou.Iwish/wishedIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.Iwishitwouldstoprainingsoon.2.Ifonly=HowIwish“但愿”“要是…就好了”，跟wish后的虚拟语气用法一样现在did/were;过去haddone;将来woulddo要是我早点到达了就好了IfonlyIhadarrivedearlier.要是现在我们没有英语考试就好了Ifonlywehad...