非谓语动词（语法知识归纳）顾名思义，非谓语动词就是不能作谓语的动词。包括：不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词。Ⅰ.非谓语动词的基本构成形式(ⅰ)doing表主动，正在进行主动形式被动形式一般式Doingbeingdone（宾补和后置定语）完成式havingdone（状语，动作发生于谓语动词之前）havingbeendone(ⅱ)done表被动，完成(ⅲ)todo表将来，目的主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedone（动作发生于谓语动词之前）tohavebeendone进行式tobedoing（动作正在发生）/Ⅱ.非谓语动词的语法功能（即成分）(ⅰ)作定语1.Theman______________(stand)bythewindowisourteacher.2.Suddenlythereappearedayoungwoman___________(dress)ingreen.3.Mycousinhiredaroom________________(live).4.Whensheappeared,John,____________(wear)adirtyandworn-outcoat,rantoherwithjoy.5.Thebooks,____________(write)byLuXun,arepopularwithmanyChinesepeople.6.Theproblem______________yesterdayisveryimportant.______________nowisveryimportant.(discuss)______________tomorrowisveryimportant.(ⅱ)作补足语（宾补和主补）现在分词(doing)→主动，正在进行感官动词/使役动词+宾语+宾补过去分词(done)→被动，完成不带to的动词不定式(do)→全过程感官动词：see,observe,notice,watch,lookat,hear,listento,feel…使役动词：make,have,get,leave(后的不定式作宾语补足语必须要有to),catch,keep,set,…1.Isawtheboyrunningacrossthestreet.→Theboywasseenrunningacrossthestreet.2.Iwasgladtoseethechildwelltakencareof.3.Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.Justthenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.4.Tomwillgetsomeonetorepairyourvideo-recorder.5.Howcouldyouleavehimtohavesupperwithastranger?6.Shecouldn’tmakeherselfheardbecauseofthenoiseofthetraffic.7.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesistercry,todayhewasmadetocrybyhislittlesister.1注意：当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补足语，作主语补足语的不定式必须加to。8.I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime9.Thegirlwascaughtstealinginthesupermarket.(ⅲ)作状语（可表时间，原因，结果，条件，方式，让步，伴随…）1.(1.)___________(look)outofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.___________(see)fromthetopofthehill,thecitylookedlikeabiggarden.(2.)__________(know)Frenchwell,hetranslatedthearticleswithoutanydifficulties.__________(encourage)bythespeech,theyoungpeoplemadeuptheirmindstotakeupthestruggle.Beingpoorintheseyears,theycouldn’taffordtosendtheboytoschool.（现在分词(being)+纯粹性形容词，位于句首时表原因）(3.)Theircarwascaughtinthetrafficjam,thus____________(cause)theirdelay.Hehurriedtothestation,only______________(find)thatthetrainhadleft.现在分词作结果状语表__________________________;动词不定时作结果状语表___________________________。(4.)____________(work)hard,you’llsucceed.____________(give)anotherchance,hewilldoitbetter.(5.)Hecametoschool______________(run).Theoldmanwentintotheroom,_____________(support)byhiswife.(6.)____________(know)allthis,theymademepayforthedamage._____________(laughat)bymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.(7.)Theystoodthereforhalfanhour_____________(watch)thestarsinthesky.Hehurriedtothehall,____________(follow)bytwoguards.分词作状语时，无论主动形式或被动形式，其逻辑主语英语主句的主语一致。*Hearingthebadnews,sheburstintotears.()tearscamedown.()(8.)____________(not,know)heraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher._________________(not,received)ananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherlettertothem.分词的否定式是___________________________________.2.分词作状语时，也可在前面加上一个连词（when,while,after,before,if,unless,though,although…）以...
