ThePastParticipleastheAttribute过去分词作定语，在语态上表被动；在时间上表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。1.过去分词作定语的含义a.及物动词的过去分词，具有被动和完成的意义abrokencupawoundedsoldieracupwhichisbrokenasoldierwhowaswoundedagrownwomanaretiredofficerawomanwhohasgrownaofficerwhohasretiredb.不及物动词的过去分词，具有主动和完成意义。B:Yes.Andwehadcannedfish,smokedsausages,cakesmadebyourteacherandfreshapplespickedfromtheorchard.Wealsoplayedalotofgamesthere.B:Indeed,toourdelight,wehelpedalostboytofindhismother.单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。单个过去分词过去分词短语2.过去分词作定语位置已升起的太阳有组织的旅行arisensunanorganizedtrip单个过去分词和形容词修饰something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等不定代词时,也要放在这些词后面。nothingreportedsomethingimportantsomethingelse过去分词作定语的作用相当于定语从句，二者可以转换。①aletterwritteninpencil②thebookborrowedbyJack=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil=thebookwhichwasborrowedbyJack3.过去分词作定语和定语从句的转换4.形容词性化过去分词作定语常见的有：amazed,embarrassed,disappointed,excited,encouraged,bored,interested,tired,worried,surprised,satisfied,pleased,moved,frightened等。The_____childrenwereopeningtheirpresents.A.excitedB.excitingC.exciteD.excitesexcited过去分词与现在分词作定语1.语态不同：现在分词表示主动，及物动词的过去分词表示被动。aninspiringspeechtheinspiredaudience鼓舞人心的演说受到鼓舞的观众thefallingleaves落叶（正往下落的）落叶（已经落到地面的）thefallenleaves2.时间关系不同：现在分词作定语，多表示“动作正在进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”①Doyouknowtheboy_______(lie)underthebigtree?⑤Heisaleader___________(respect)bythepeople.lyingrespected3.及物动词的过去分词与现在分词的被动式都可以表示“被动”，但前者多表示一个完成了的动作，而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.theproblemdiscussedyesterdaytheproblembeingdiscussed已经发生，完成正在发生Recentlyasurvey______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.(2011江苏)A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared解析：compare的动作是survey发出的，现在分词短语做后置定语。高考解析Theability______anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)A.expressingB.expressedC.toexpressD.tobeexpressed解析：本句意思是：表达观点的能力和这个观点本身一样重要。theabilitytodosth.“做某事的能力”，固定短语，故此处用动词不定式作后置定语。TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.(2011福建)A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded解析：句中的主语TsinghuaUniversity与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间1911年可知found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。1.Theplayers_____fromthewhole1.Theplayers_____fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorcountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.(inthissummergame.(湖南湖南2011)2011)A.selectingA.selectingB.toselectB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselectedC.selectedD.havingselected2.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssome2.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.oldmaps______fromthelibrary.（（20102010课标全国卷）课标全国卷）A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedA.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowingC.borrowedD.borrowing3.I’mcallingtoenquireaboutthe3.I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition______inyesterday’sChinaposition______inyesterday’sChinaDaily.Daily.（北京（北京20102010））A.advertisedA.advertisedB.tobeadvertisedB.tobeadvertisedC.advertisingC.advertisingD.havingadvertisedD.havingadvertised4.Agreatnumberofstudents______4.Agreatnumberofstudents______saidtheywereforcedtopractisethesaidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.piano.（四川（四川20102010））A.toquestionA.toquestionB.tobequestionedB.tobequestionedC.questionedC.questionedD.questioningD.questioning5.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney5.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney______inthelibrary.______inthelibrary.（湖南（湖南20102010））A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredA.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered
