直接引语和间接引语（DirectSpeechandindirectSpeech)1直接引语：直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如：MrBlacksaid,“I'mbusy”布莱克先生说：“我很忙”（直接引语）MrBlacksaidthathewasbusy.布莱克先生说他很忙。（间接引语）1、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。在这一方面，汉语和英语有许多相似之处，因此，在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。1）人称的变化a)Hesaid,“Ilikeitverymuch.”他说：“我非常喜欢它。”Hesaidthathelikeditverymuch.他说他非常喜欢它。b)Hesaidtome,“I'veleftmybookinyourroom.”他对我说：“我把书放在你的房间里了。”Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。2）时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时Hesaid,“I'mafraidIcan'tfinishthiswork.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'tfinishthatwork.现在进行时→过去进行时Hesaid,“I'musingtheknife.”Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.现在完成时→过去完成时Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.一般过去时→过去完成Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.过去完成时不变Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化：变化例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning."Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.these-those这些=那些Hesaid,"Thesebooksaremine."Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.now-then现在-那时Hesaid,"Itisnine0'clocknow."Hesaidthatitwasnine0'clockthen.today-thatday今天-那天Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.yesterday-thedaybefore昨天-前一天shesaid,"Iwentthereyesterday."Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.tomorrow-thenext(following)day明天-第二天shesaid,"I'llgotheretomorrow."Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Hesaid,"Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go.如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。直接引语变间接引语。见下表。分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词：that（口语中常常省略）Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”--Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.Hesaid,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”--Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”--Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词：that2.人称：1主，2宾，3不变3.时态。1.黑体部分是连接词。斜体部分为间接引语部分。2.间接引语部分均为陈述语序。3.间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句，连接词之间的叫主句。4.当主句是一般现在时态，间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。5.当主句是一般过去时态，间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。连接词：if或者whether.可译为：是否Heaskedme,“Areyougoodatmath?’---HeaskedmeifIwasgoodatmath.HeaskedAmy,“Doyouloveme?”---HeaskedAmywhethershelovedhim.Heasksme,“Isshereading?”---Heasksmeifsheisreading.1.连接词：if,whether2.语序：改为“陈述语序”。（去掉：Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can…位置...
