高二英语Unit One Grammar.课件 人教版 课件VIP免费

Grammar名词性从句1.概念在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类：1.从属连词：that（无有词义）,whether（是否）,if（是否）2.连接代词：who（谁，主格）,whom（谁，宾格）,whose谁的，所有格）,what（什么）,which（哪个，哪些）3.连接副词：when（什么时候）where（什么地方）why（为什么）,how（怎样）名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分，只起连接的作用；而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用，而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分；关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外，在使用上面的这些关系词时，有几个问题值得我们注意：首先，只能用whether而不能用if的情况.1）引导主语从句，例如：Whetherwe'llmakealoanfortheprojecthasnotbeendecided（正确）OR:Ithasnotbeendecidedwhetherwe'llmakealoanfortheproject.（正确）Ifwe'llmakealoanfortheprojecthasnotbeendecided.（错误）OR:Ithasnotbeendecidedifwe'llmakealoanfortheproject.（错误）2）作介词的宾语，IhavenoideaaboutwhetherIcanraisethemoneyforbuyingacar.（正确）我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。IhavenoideaaboutifIcanraisethemoneyforbuyingacar.（错误）3）后接不定式Hedidn‘tknowwhethertogoallhimselffirstorwaitforherhere.(正确)Hedidn'tknowiftogoallhimselforwaitforherhere.（错误）4）后接ornotWewonderwhetherthey'llcomeintimeornot.(正确)我们担心他们会不会准时到。Wewonderifthey'llcomeintimeornot.（错误）其次，what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。Idon'tunderstandwhatyousaid.Whatheneedsistopracticemore.Moneyiswhatsheisreallyafter.Peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhathappinessmeans.最后，要了解-ever=nomatter，用于表示强调，意为"无论……"。也就是说：whatever=nomatterwhat（无论什么）whoever=nomatterwho（无论谁）whichever=nomatterwhich（无论那个）whenever=nomatterwhen（无论何时）wherever=nomatterwhere（无论何地）however=nomatterhow（无论怎样）但–ever在句中作主语、宾语和表语;而nomatter…引导的是让步状语从句.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.(作主语)Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,hewillbepunished.(让步状语从句)不可省略的连词：1)介词后的连词2)引导主语从句,表语从句和同位语从句的连词that不可省略。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.一.主语从句在复合句中作主语,它可以位于句首,但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。1.Thattheearthisroundistrue.=Itistruethattheearthisround.主语从句的用法2.Whetherhewillcomehasn’tbeendecided.=Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhetherhewillcome.注意:连词that,whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略(注:if不可用来引导主语从句）二.用it作形式主语的结构(1)Itis＋名词＋从句Itisafactthat…事实是…Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识(2)Itis＋形容词＋从句(多用should)Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)Itis＋不及物动词＋从句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…Itappearsthat…似乎…(4)Itis＋过去分词＋从句Itisreportedthat…据报道…Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…Itissaidthat…据说…Itiscertainthathewillcome.ItissaidthatsomeAmericanfriendswillvisitourschoolnextweek.Ithappenedthatwewereoutfo...