1 被动语态语法专项讲解与训练学案适用者：宋潇(一) 语态分类：英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。Tom(执)cleans(谓动 ) the room(承) every day. (主动 ) The room( 承 ) is cleaned(谓动 ) by Tom(执) every day. (被动 ) 被动语态结构：助动词be + 动词的过去分词done，即 be done ，常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。(二) 被动语态的用法(1) 动作的执行者很明显。这时往往不用by 短语。Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons. (2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new computers were stolen last night. (3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。(三) 被动语态的时态变化：通过助动词be 的各种时态变化来体现， done 不变。注意主语的单、复数变化。以 do 为例，掌握下列时态的被动结构，形式变化如下：1．一般现在时： am / is / are + done 2．一般过去时： was / were + done 3．一般将来时： shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done 4．现在完成时： have / has + been + done 5．情态动词：can/may/must/should/have to be done 以下时态的被动语态作一般了解：现在进行时： am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时： was / were + being + done 过去完成时： had + been + done 过去将来时： should / would + be done (四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 执行者动词承受者→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 承受者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。练习：1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. _________ _________ _________ in the south of the country. 2. 一般过去时： Nancy Jackson designed the CD-ROM. The CD-ROM _________ _________ ...
