内燃机学 Internal combu stion engine fu ndamentals 第1章—绪论 Chaper 1 Introduction 课程内容：内燃机工作过程基础理论+内燃机总体及主要零部件结构 course content: internal-combustion engine operating process fundation theory+general and main parts structure of it. 学时：64 academic period:64 第1章 概论 Chaper 1 Chaper 1 introduction 热机：（化学能 燃烧 机械能）heat engine: (chemical energy combustion mechanical energy) 外燃机：燃料在气缸外燃烧，加热工质做功。 external combustion engin: burning fuels outside the engine, and heating working fluids to work. 内燃机：燃料在气缸内燃烧，加热工质做功。包括：往复式和其它形式。往复式主要包括：压燃式，如柴油机和点燃式如汽油机，是本课程主要内容。 internal combustion engine: burning fuel inside the engine, and heating working fluids to work. Including: reciprocating engine and others. The reciprocating engine mainly including: compression-ignition engine such as diesel engine and spark-ignition engine such as gasoline engine. Both of them are the main content of the course. 历史发展： historical perspective 1860年 莱诺依尔 大气压力式的内燃机（没有压缩行程） Nicolaus atmospheric engine (without compression cycle) 1876年 奥托 4冲程点燃式内燃机 Otto four-stroke spark-ignition engine 1890年 本茨 2冲程点燃式内燃机 Benze two-stroke spark-ignition engine 1892年 狄塞尔 4冲程压燃式内燃机 Diesel four-stroke compression-ignition engine 1902年 雷诺 机械增压 Renault mechanically supercharging 1915年 波希 涡轮增压器 bocy turbocharger 内燃机相对其它动力的优点：Advantage of the internal combustion compares with other power. a. 结构简单； b. 效率较高； c. 重量体积比小； a. simple structure b. higher efficiency c.less specific weight and specific volume d. 成本低，使用方便，技术成熟。 d. low cost, operating convenient, mature technology 内燃机分类： classifica...
