1 票据：Credit instruments = a written/printed paper against which to pay, including Financial Instruments，Securities，Commercial documents. Features of instruments 1. 无因性（Non-causative nature） 2. 要式性（Requisite in form） 3. 流通性（Negotiability） 4. 提示性（Presentment） 5. 返还性（Returnability） 6. 设权性（Establishment of rights and responsibilities） Functions (票据的功能) As a means of payment; 付款方式 As a credit instrument; 信用票据 As a means of finance. 金融工具 As a transferable instrument; 可转让的票据 Credit Instruments for four 四种常用于国际结算的信用票据: Negotiable instrument 可转让的票据 Negotiable instrument, also known as credit instrument, is an unconditional order or promise to pay a certain amount of money. It can easily be transferable. Bill of Exchange 汇票 A bill of exchange is defined officially as an unconditional order in writing , addressed by one person to another, signed by the first person, requiring the second person to whom it is addressed to pay on demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a certain amount of money, to, or to the order of, a specified person or to the bearer. 无条件的书面命令 汇票是由一个人(drawer)向另一个人(drawee)签发的，要求受票人见票时或在未来某一规定的或可以确定的时间(tenor)将一定金额的款项支付给某一特定的人或其指定人，或持票人(payee)。 Essentials of a bill of exchange 绝对必要事项： Such words as “bill of exchange” exchange; draft or so 书面写有汇票字样 An unconditional order in writing 无条件的支付命令 name and address of the drawee (addressee payer) 付款人名字和地址 signature or stamp of the drawer 出票人的签名和盖章 date of the issue 开立的日期 About some dollars 确定的金额 name or business entity of the payee 收款人的名字或商务实体 Acts of a bill of exchange...
