Part One Academic Words Task 1 Directions：Listen carefully.Note down the academic words you hear. Every word will be read twice. Refer to your dictionary if necessary. 1. permutation [n.] an event in which one thing is substituted for another 2. confine [v.] to keep something or someone within a limited area so it cannot escape 3. accumulation [n.] the act of getting or becoming bigger or more over time 4. bacteria [n.] the very small creatures that cause diseases in humans and animals 5. diagnostic [a.] used for making a judgment about what a particular problem is 6. denote [v.] to be a name or symbol for 7. commodity [n.] something useful or valuable, usually for sale 8. thesis [n.] a long essay; a position taken in an argument supported by a set of reasons 9. discipline [n.] a branch of knowledge 10. apparatus [n.] equipment designed to serve a specific function 11. sensitivity [n.] the quality of reacting quickly or more than usual to something 12. onset [n.] the beginning 13. workshop [n.] a brief intensive course for a small group 14. valve [n.] a device along the pipe that can either open and allow something to flow, or close and block it 15. inversion [n.] a change in position of things so they become the opposite 16. graph [n.] a picture that shows how two sets of information or variables are related, usually by lines or curves 17. variance [n.] (statistics) amount of difference in distributions 18. layout [n.] a plan or design of something 19. dynamic [a.] & [n.] always active or changing; a force related to motion 20. transparency [n.] the amount you can see through something 21. fringe [n.] the edge of something 22. orientation [n.] the ability to locate onesel...
