李宇明.语法研究录.北京:商务印书馆,2002:79-98. 原载《世界汉语教学》,1996(1):10-19. 论词语重叠的意义 李 宇 明 内容提要 重叠是近现代汉语及现代汉语方言的普遍现象,也是汉藏语系、南岛语系、南亚语系等亚太地区语言中最常见的现象。重叠有非词重叠、词语重叠、语句重复之分,本文讨论词语重叠。词语重叠的主要表义功能是“调量”,使基式所表达的物量、数量、动量、度量向加大或减小两个维度上发生变化。文章较为全面地考察了汉语的词语重叠现象,刻画了由词语重叠所表达的语义-语法范畴及引申发展出的若干次范畴,并力图使之成为一个具有类型学意义的系统。 ABSTRACT Reduplication is the prevailing linguistic phenomenon in modern Chinese and its regional dialects, and is also common in the Asian-Pacific languages of Sino-Tibetian, Malayo-Polynesian and Southern-Asian language familes. Redupli- cation can be divided into Morpheme Reduplication, Word Reduplication and Clause Reduplication. This article focuses on the study of the Word Reduplication.The semantic function of Word Reduplication is the adjustment of what is being referred to by the word in terms of size, quantity, frequency, degree and time-duration. Based on the comprehensive examination of word reduplication in Chinese, the article concludes by exploring the semantic and grammatical category of Word Reduplication,which,in turn,could form a system of typological significance. §1 词语重叠与“量”范畴 1.1 词语重叠 重叠是使某语言形式重复出现的语言手段,是汉藏语系、南岛语系(又称“马来-玻利尼西亚语系”)、南亚语系等亚太地区语言中最常见的现象。重叠之前的形式称为“基式”、重叠之后的形式称为“重叠式”。由基式到重叠式的生成过程、重叠式的语言表现和重叠的作用等,异常繁丰复杂,但从语言的不同层面看,大约可分为非词重叠、词语重叠、语句重复三类: a)非词重叠 非词重叠的基式为一个音节(如“猩、乎”)或一个语素(如“哥、妈”),重叠后构成一个词(“猩猩、哥哥、妈妈”)或一个构词成分(“乎乎”)。显然非词重叠是构词法领域的重叠...