营养物输入下全球草地微生物群落的一致性响应VIP免费

Consistentresponsesofsoilmicrobialcommunitiestoelevatednutrientinputsingrasslandsacrosstheglobe营养物输入下全球草地微生物群落的一致性响应汇报人：学号：时间：2017年12月21日Outline:IntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResultsanddiscussionConclusionsHumanactivitiesassociatedwithfossilfuelcombustion,agriculturalfertilization,anddustorashproductionhavegreatlyincreasednitrogen(N)andphosphorus(P)inputstoecosystemsaroundthegloberelativetotheirpreindustriallevels.（人类活动对生态系统N和P输入的影响）TheimpactsofelevatedNandPinputsongrasslandecosystems,whichcover26%ofthegloballandsurface,areexpectedtooccuronrelativelyshorttimescales,withpotentiallyimportanteffectsonplantbiodiversityandterrestrialcarbon(C)dynamics.（N和P的输入对植物多样性和陆地C循环的影响）SoilmicrobesrepresentalargefractionofthelivingbiomassingrasslandsystemsandcanhaveimportanteffectsonterrestrialCdynamics,soilfertility,andplantdiversity.（土壤微生物对陆地C循环、土壤肥力和植物多样性也有影响）IntroductionIntegrated,cross-site,experimentalinvestigationsofbothplantandsoilmicrobialresponsestonutrientadditionsareneededtoinformunderstandingofhowthestructureandfunctionalattributesofsoilmicrobialcommunitiesshiftinresponsetoanthropogenicinputsofNandPandwhethertheseshiftsareconsistentacrosssites.（人为添加N和P的条件下，土壤微生物群落的结构和功能特征如何变化？是否在不同的地方存在一致性变化？）Soilmicrobialcommunitiesareoftensensitivetonutrientinputs.(土壤微生物群落对营养物的添加十分敏感)Nfertilizationtypicallyreducesmicrobialbiomassandrespirationrates.Specificfunctionalgroupsofmicrobes,includingammoniaoxidizersandmycorrhizalfungi,oftenbeingverysensitivetoNadditions.Usedstandardizednutrienttreatmentstoevaluatethegeneralityandlocalcontextdependenceofsoilbacterial,archaeal,andfungalcommunitiestoNandPamendmentsacrossawiderangeofsoiltypesarenecessary.（因此，研究全球不同类型土壤添加N和P下对土壤细菌、古菌和真菌群落是必要的）SomestudieshaveshownthatelevatedNinputscanaltertheoverallcompositionofbacterialorfungalcommunitiesatindividualsites.UnderstandingofsoilmicrobialcommunityresponsestoelevatedPinputsremainsmorelimited.(通过单个点位研究营养物质的添加可改变土壤中微生物群落结构)Individualstudiesconductedatspecificsitesareuseful,butinconsistenciesinmethodsandsitecharacteristicslimittheabilitytomakerobustgeneralizationsofhowbelowgroundmicrobialcommunitieswillrespondtoelevatednutrientinputsacrosssites.(单个点位的研究无法进行全面的概括营养物的添加下土壤微生物群落的响应特征)研究方法：WecollectedsoilsfromanNandPadditionexperimentreplicatedat25grasslandsitesspanningfourcontinentsandquantifiedshiftsinbacterial,archaeal,andfungalcommunitystructureinresponsetoexperimentallyincreasedsoilnutrientsusinghigh-throughputsequencingofmarkergenes.从横跨四个大陆的25个草地收集添加N和P实验的土壤，利用高通量的标记基因测序，并在添加土壤营养物的条件下，量化细菌、古菌和真菌群落结构。目的：Tobuildapredictiveunderstandingoftheresponsesofdiversesoilmicrobestoelevatednutrientinputsthatisgeneralizableacrossgrasslands.了解在增加营养物的输入下全球草地土壤微生物多样化的响应特征Toinvestigatepotentialshiftsinbacterialcommunityleveltraitsbyanalyzingfunctionalgenemetagenomicsequencesfromasubsetofthosesites.通过宏基因测序分析功能基因，来研究细菌群落特征的潜在变化。提出假设：NandPadditionswouldinduceshiftsinfungalcommunitieswithmycorrhizalfungidecreas...