热处理技术和加热炉---热成型硬化热冲压技术最重要的用户是汽车制造企业Mostimportantuserofthehotstampingtechnologyistheautomobileindustry•提高汽车碰撞安全性的要求/improvingthecrashproperties•汽车轻量化，降低燃油消耗/WeightReductionofhightstrengthcomponents•减少污染物排放/EmissionreductionPresshardening热冲压成型reducingofemmissionloadinEuropebylaw减少尾气排放，欧洲法规要求•Reducingofpartweightmadeofhightstrengthcomponents•减少零部件重量，高强钢制造Presshardening热冲压成型95g/km(2020)Lightweightdesign轻量化设计Tunnelarea踏板通道AreaofB-pillarB柱•Nolocalreinforcementnecessary不再需要局部加强件•Reducingnumberofparts零部件数量减少•Weightreductionby5,1kg重量减轻约5.1公斤•Nolocalreinforcementnecessary不再需要局部加强件•Simplypillardesign设计简化•Weightreductionby4,6kg•重量减轻约4.6公斤Presshardening热冲压成型Presshardening热冲压成型Essentialadvantagesofpresshardening冲压成型硬化（热成型）的优点•Inexpensivecarbonsteelcanbeusede.g.boricalloyedsteel•相对于其他轻量化材料，硼钢价格便宜，•Higheraccuracy精度更高•Complexpartgeometriesarepossible零部件复杂几何形状成型成为可能•Highdeformationdegreesarepossible成型深度更高•Clearhigherstrengththancoldformedparts强度显著高于冷成型零部件Presshardening热冲压成型SOURCE:SchulerMarketpredictionforpresshardeningparts热成型零部件市场预测2015:450Mill.**Rollerhearthfurnaceforpresshardening热冲压辊底炉Over90%oftherunningfurnacesinthepresshardeningfieldarerollerhearthfurnaces在热成型汽车零部件生产领域，超过90%运行的加热炉为辊底式Straightversionsion:直线式布置Advantage:Lowestinvstmentcosts低投资成本Disadvantage:Biggestfootprint占地面积大Rollerhearthfurnaceforpresshardening热冲压辊底炉Twinfurnacessidebyside:肩并肩布置Advantages:-Canrunindependent(maintenance)可独立运转优点-Investmentcanbedonein2steps可分2步投资-Smallerfootprint占地空间小Disadvantage:-Higherinvestmentcosts投资成本高一些缺点Rollerhearthfurnaceforpresshardening热冲压辊底炉Twinfurnaceaboveeachother:双层布置加热炉Advantages:-Canrunindependent(maintenance)可独立运转（维护）-Investmentcanbedonein2steps可分2步投资-Smallestfootprint占地空间小Disadvantage:-Highestinvestmentcosts投资成本高-Complcatemaintenance(2ndfloor)维护复杂（上层炉）Rollerhearthfurnaceforpresshardening热冲压辊底炉Demandonthefurnaceatmosphereforuncoatedpressingparts对于裸板（无涂层钢板）在加热炉内•CO2/CO<0,5分压比•H2O/H2<0,7分压比•Scaleforming/Oxidation:•氧化结皮M+H2O↔MO+H2M+CO2↔MO+CO•Furnaceatmosphere加热炉气氛•Furnaceatmosphere加热炉气氛Foruncoatedblanks对于裸板（无涂层钢板）Becauseofscalebuilding>600°C,protectiveatmosphereisrequired:因为氧化结皮开始形成当超过600摄氏度，所以需要以下几种形式的保护气氛：Reactiongases•CatalyticEndoGasproduction催化裂解气•Ornitrogen/nat.gasmixture(>95%/<5%)或氮气/天然气混合(>95%/<5%)•Ornitrogen/methanolemixture或氮气/甲醇混合Inertgas•Ornitrogen99,8%或氮气99.8%Dewpointisveryimportanttobeconsideredhowtoavoid露点非常重要，须考虑如何避免→hydrogenembrittlementinducedcrackingparts氢脆变，导致零件断裂3031•Furnaceatmosphere加热炉气氛FurnacewithprotectiveAtmosphereorAlSi-coatedsteelblanks或者使用具有保护气氛的加热炉，或者使用铝硅涂层钢板UncoatedPart裸板不使用保护气CoatedPart涂层板不使用保护气氛Indirectgasheatingandelectricresistanceheating间接天然气加热和直接电阻加热Powerrequirement能源需求Temperatureuniformity温度均匀性32Furnace加热炉•Heating加热•Gasheating天然气加热In-di...
