药学英语教学课件unitTextonechemistryandmatterVIP免费

TextonechemistryandmatterPharmaceuticalEnglishPropertiesofMatterChemistryisthesciencethatdealswiththecompositionandpropertiesofmatter.Matter:Occupiesspace,hasmassandinertiaComposition:Partsorcomponentsex.H2O,11.19%Hand88.81%OProperties:DistinguishingfeaturesphysicalandchemicalpropertiesClassificationofMatter•Matterismadeofatoms•114elements:periodictable.•About90%availablefromnaturalsources•Compoundsarecomprisedoftwoormoreelements.•Moleculesarethesmallestunitsofcompounds.PhysicalPropertiesandPhysicalChangesSulfurlumpSulfurpowdercopperlumpAsampleofmatterdisplayswithoutchangingitscomposition.ChemicalPropertiesandChemicalChangesGoldbraceletHydrochloricacidZinc-plated(ironinside)nailZn+HClZn2++H2+2Cl-Chemicalchange,orchemicalreaction:oneormorekindsofmatterareconvertedwithdifferentcompositions.Whichsubjectsaboutchemistryhaveyoulearneduntilnow?InorganicchemistryOrganicchemistryPhysicalchemistryAnalyticchemistryMacromolecularchemistryBiochemistryMedicalchemistryInorganicchemistry•thebranchofchemistryconcernedwiththeelementsandcompoundswhichdonotcontaincarbon.Organicchemistry•Thechemistryofcarboncompounds.•Theonlymajorcarboncompoundsconsideredinorganicarecarbonates(forinstance,calciumcarbonatewhichisoneofthemajorformsofmineralonEarth)andoxides,suchascarbondioxideandcarbonmonoxide.Biochemistry•Thechemistryoflivingorganismsandlifeprocesses.ProteinCarbohydrateFatNucleicacidVocabulary•Indicateindication:适应症eg:penicillinisindicatedforthetreatmentofbacterialinfection.contraindication:禁忌症eg：Ciprofloxaciniscontraindicatedinpatientswithknownhypersensitivitytoquinolone.Vocabulary•Indicatetopointto;drawattentionto指出；引起注意toshowormakeclear,esp.bymeansofasignEg:Heindicatedhiswillingnesswithanodofhishead.toshow(thedirectioninwhichoneisturninginavehicle)withhandsignals,lights,etc.Eg:don’tforgettoindicatebeforeturning.[oftenpass.]medtoshowaneedfor;suggestEg:Thechangeinhisillnessindicatestheuseofstrongerdrug.BenjaminFranklin•Hewasaleadingauthorandprinter,satirist,politicaltheorist,politicain,scientist,inventor,civicactivist,statesmananddiplomat.AsascientisthewasamajorfigureintheEnlightenmentandthehistoryofphysicsforhisdiscoveriesandtheoriesregardingelectricity.Heinventedthelightningrod,bifocals,theFranklinstove,acarriageodometer,andamusicalinstrument.Prentice-Hall©2007GeneralChemistry:Chapter1Slide13of31化学与物质•为什么学习化学？正如本杰明，弗兰克林之前所陈述的那样，一个重要的原因是----正是通过化学及其相关科学，人类获得了力量，思想的力量以及超越物质的力量。大约200年前，Franklin提到科学在飞速发展。我们知道科学发展的速度不断加快，到目前为止，由于科技的进步，我们所生活的世界与弗兰克林时代相比已经发生了巨大的变化。Prentice-Hall©2007GeneralChemistry:Chapter1Slide14of31科学在现代社会中起着很重要的作用，以至于没人敢说他理解他所生存的世界，除非他理解了科学。（在现代社会，科学扮演着如此重要的角色，以至于没人能确定他了解这个他所生活，or生存的世界，除非他对科学有很好的理解。）（只有真正理解科学的人才能明白科学在现代社会中扮演的重要角色。）Prentice-Hall©2007GeneralChemistry:Chapter1Slide15of31•化学是研究物质的科学。在学习化学这一点上，我们不能将“物质”这个词仅限于它的科学定义上，而应该对它的实际含义有整体的理解。物质的常见的例子如水、糖、盐、铜、铁、氧气以及你能想到的其他许多东西。Prentice-Hall©2007GeneralChemistry:Chapter1Slide16of31•在过去的一个世纪里，有...