Chapter1 1.1 Definein yourownword:(a)intelligence,(b)artificialintelligence,(c)agent. •Intelligence 智能: Dictionarydefinitions of intelligencetalk about―the capacity to acquireandapply knowledge‖ or ―the faculty of thought and reason‖ or ―the ability to comprehend and profit from experience.‖ Theseareallreasonableanswers,butifwewantsomethingquantifiablewewoulduse somethinglike ―the abilityto apply knowledge in orderto performbetterin anenvironment.‖ 智能的字典定义有一种学习或应用知识的能力，一种思考和推理的本领，领会并且得益于经验的能 力，这些都是有道理的答案，但如果我们想量化一些东西，我们将用到一些东西像为了在环境中更 好的完成任务使能力适应知识 •Artificialintelligence 人工智能:Wedefineartificialintelligenceasthestudyandconstructionofagent programs thatperformwell in a given environment, fora given agentarchitecture. 作为一学习和构造智能体程序，为了一个智能体结构，在被给的环境中可以很好的完成任务。 •Agen 智能体t:Wedefineanagentasanentity 实体 thattakesactioninresponsetoperceptsfroman environment.在一个环境中对一个对象做出反应的实体 1.4Thereare well-knownclassesofproblemthatareintractablydifficult forcomputers,andother classesthatare provablyundecidable. Doesthismean thatAIisimpossible? No.ItmeansthatAIsystemsshouldavoidtryingtosolveintractableproblems.Usually,thismeansthey can onlyapproximateoptimalbehavior.Noticethathumansdon’tsolveNPcompleteproblemseither.Sometimes they aregoodatsolvingspecificinstanceswithalotofstructure,perhapswiththeaidofbackground knowledge. AIsystems should attempt to dothesame. 1.11“surelycomputerscannotbeintelligent-they candoonly whattheirprogrammerstellthem.”Is the latterstatementtrue,and doesitimplytheformer? Thisdependsonyourdefinitionof―intelligent‖ and―tell.‖ Inonesensecomputersonlydowhatthe programmers command themto do, butinanothersense what the programmers consciouslytellsthe computertodooftenhasvery littletodowi...
