写作考试-Summary-WritingVIP专享VIP免费

SUMMARYWRITINGDefinitionandcharacteristicsStepsinwritingasummaryHowtowriteasummaryWritingPractice1.WhatIsSummary?Asummaryisashortenedpassage,whichretainstheessentialinformationoftheoriginal.Itisafairlybriefrestatement---inyourownwords---ofthecontentsofapassage.Note:Yousimplyreportbackwhatthewriterhassaid,withoutmakingvaluejudgments.2.CharacteristicsofagoodsummaryBriefnessOmitunnecessarydetailslikeexamples,explanationsandotherunimportantinformation.(length:1/4-1/3oforiginaltext)CompletenesstoincludeallthemainandsupportingpointsdeliveredinyourownwordsinacondensedmannerCoherenceratherthananoutlinelistedaskeywordsandphrase,asummaryisaparagraphwithnecessarytransitionsandfunctionstructurestomakeitflow.Objectivitytocontainonlytheideasorinformationoftheoriginal.Donotincludeyourownideasoremotionsonthetopic.SomeUsefulExpressionsofTransitionOnonehand,…….Ontheotherhand,……Onereasonis……Anotherreasonis……Stillanotherreasonis……Thefinalreasonis……Tobeginwith,……What’smore,……Inaddition,……Finally,……Inshort,Fromwhatismentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthat….3.StepsinWritingaSummaryReadthearticle1).Dividethearticleintosectionsofideas.Eachsectiondealswithoneaspectofthecentraltheme.2).Label(classify)eachsectionwithageneralphrasethatcapturesthesubjectmatterofthesection.3).HighlightorunderlinethemainideaandkeypointsTopic:_________Outlines:1.________a…..b…..c.….2.________3.________Beginwithapropercitationofthetitle,author,source,dateofpublicationandthemainideaofthearticlesummarized.Writeaccordingtoyouroutlines.Usetransitionsforasmoothandlogicalflowofideas.Compresssupportingdetails1).Omitthedetails2).Reducetheexamples3).Simplifythedescriptions4).Eliminateallrepetitions5).Compresswordysentencesandchangeclausesorsentencestophrasesandphrasestowords.6).Usegeneralwordsinsteadofspecificwords7).Usetheshortestpossibletransitions8).Avoidfigurative(比喻的)language9).PutthemainpointsofadialogueinindirectspeechBeginningaSummaryBeginyoursummarywith1.Theauthor’sname2.Thearticle’sorchapter’sname3.Theauthor’sthesisstatement--ageneraloverview(survey概述)ofthearticleTheOpeningSentence:e.g.Inthefeature(特写；专题)article"FourKindsofReading,"theauthor,DonaldHall,explainshisopinionaboutdifferenttypesofreading.TheBody：Firstofall,theauthordescribes…………Hethenpointsoutthat……Inaddition,theauthortalksabout…..Finally,theauthorsuggests…………….Someotherintroductoryphrases1.(Theauthor)statesin(thisarticle)that...2.(Theauthor,in(thisarticle)showsthat...3.In(thisarticle),(theauthor)writesthat...4.As(theauthor)saysin(thisarticle),...5.Themainideaof(theauthor'sarticle)is6.Theauthorbelieves(holds;maintains;claims;argues;pointsout;suggests;proposes)that+clause7.Theauthortalksabout(explains;describes;reveals;discusses;focuseson)+n.写作提示HowtousetransitionalwordsorphrasescorrectlyInordertoorganizeagoodparagraphorcomposition,youshouldlearntousetransitions（转换词）properly.Whenarunnerinarelayracepasseshiswand（接力棒）toanotherteammember,histeamkeepsmovingahead.Whenawriterusestransitions,hekeepshisideasmovingahead.Transitionsarewordsorphrasesthatjoinoneideatoanother.Theyaddcoherence(连贯性)towritingbyjoiningideastogether.Youcanwritegoodparagraphsbyusingtransitionscorrectly.Transitionsplacedinsentenceswithinaparagraphmakeiteasierforareadertofollowthemovementofani...