英语专业八级翻译练习题1．英译汉（ 1）Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts. Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless. We demand difficulty even in our games. We demand it because without difficulty there can be no game. A game is a way of making something hard for the fun of it. The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. When someone ruins the fun, he always does so by refusing to play by the rules. It is easier to win at chess if you are free, at your pleasure, to change the wholly arbitrary rules, but the fun is in winning within the rules. No difficulty, no fun. 梭罗所理解的 "低层次 "，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。他心目中的 "高层次 "，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。 对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。 勿庸置疑， 梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿， 但他在膳食方面所投入的...
