1) 先后次序关系:at this time(这时候、此时) ; first; second; at last; next; previously(以前) ;simultaneously[saim?l'teini ?sli](同时) ;eventually(最后) ;last but not least(最后但并不是最不重要的) ;to begin with(首先、本来) ; to start with =for a start (首先) ; first of all(首先,第一);to end with (最后) ; finally(最后) ; since then(从那时以来 ); afterwards(然后、后来 ); following this :following This Trend 顺应这种趋势; By Following This Strategy通过采用这种策略;只要遵循这项策略following This Pattern 下面这个模式; Following This Opinion由此来看following This Way 沿着这条思路; Following This Thought循此思路following This Commitment 根据这一承诺; Following This Example下面这位比如 ;preceding this(在这之前) .2) 因果关系:because; because of this; being that(既然、因为、由于 ); another important factor /reason of... ; since(既然、因为、由于、自⋯以来); as(因为、依照、当⋯时、随着、虽然); for; in that... (既然、因为、由于 ); owing to(由于,因为⋯) ; due to; for the reason that...; in view of (鉴于、考虑到); the reason seems to be obvious; for this reason; as a result of this; therefore; ...and so(因此、所以) ...; consequently(所以、因此、结果) ; as a result; thus; hence; so; so that...; in consequence(因此、结果); as a consequence(因此、结果); accordingly(因此、于是); inevitably(不可避免地、必然地) ; under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下); thereupon [,e ε ?r?'p?n ]于是 ; seeing... (因为;鉴于;由于) ;3) 转折关系:but; even so(虽然如此, 即使如此) ; however; though(可是、虽然、然而、不过); even though(虽然、即使) ; independent of(不管) ; despite that(尽管、不管) ; in spite of that(尽管、不管); regardless of(不管) ; yet...(然而、但是) ; and yet(可是、然而) ; but unless(除非) .4) 并列关系:and...