考生请注意：1．本试题共5大题，共12页，请考生注意检查，考试时间为180分钟。2．1-70题答案请填写在机读卡相应处，否则不给分。3．翻译和作文请答在答题纸上，答在试题上不给分。书写要求字迹清楚、工整。I．ReadingComprehension(30%;onemarkeach)Directions:Readthefollowingsixpassages.Answerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].WriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneIngeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoilingisdonewithhigherwages,Nell-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andbypsychologistsand“human-relations”experts;yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatmanhasbecomepowerless,thatheisboredwithit.Infact,theblueandthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswhodancetothetuneofautomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfindthemselvesoutofajob;theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyrealsatisfactionofinterestinglife.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedthefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistenceasemotionallyandintellectuallyindependentandproductivehumanbeings.Thosehigheruponthesocialladderarenolessanxious.Theirlivesarenolessemptythanthoseoftheirsubordinates.Theyareevenmoreinsecureinsomerespects.Theyareinahighlycompetitiverace.Tobepromotedortofallbehindisnotamatterofsalarybutevenmoreamatterofself-respect.Whentheyapplyfortheirfirstjob,theyaretestedforintelligenceaswellasfortherightmixtureofsubmissivenessandindependence.Fromthemomentontheyaretestedagainandagain-bythepsychologists,forwhomtestingisabigbusiness,andbytheirsuperiors,whojudgetheirbehavior,sociability,capacitytogetalong,etc.Thisconstantneedtoprovethatoneisasgoodasorbetterthanone’sfellow-competitorcreatesconstantanxietyandstress,theverycausesofunhappinessandillness.AmIsuggestingthatweshouldreturntothepreindustrialmodeofproductionortonineteenth-century“freeenterprise”capitalism?Certainlynot.Problemstheneversolvedbyreturningtoastagewhichonehasalreadyoutgrown.Isuggesttransformingoursocialsystemform,abureaucraticallymanagedindustrialisminwhichmaxima,productionandconsumptionareendsinthemselves,intoahumanistindustrialisminwhichmanandfulldevelopmentofhispotentialities-thoseofallloveandofreason-aretheaimsofsocialarrangements.Productionandconsumptionshouldserveonlyasmeanstothisendandshouldbepreventedfromrulingman.1.By“awell-oiledcoginthemachinery”theauthorintendstodelivertheideathatmanis____.[A]anecessarypartofthesocietythougheachindividual’sfunctionisnegligible[B]workingincompleteharmonywiththerestofthesociety[C]anunimportantpartincomparisonwiththerestofthesociety[D]ahumblecomponentofthesociety,especiallywhenworkingsmoothly2.Therealcauseoftheanxietyoftheworkersandemployeesisthat____.[A]theyarelikelytolosetheirjobs[B]theyhavenogenuinesatisfactionorinterestinlife[C]theyarefacedwiththefundamentalrealitiesofhumanexistence[D]theyaredeprivedoftheirindividualityandindependence3.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethatrealhappinessoflifebelongstothose____.[A]whoareatthebottomofthesociety[B]whoarehigherupintheirsocialstatus[C]whoprovebetterthantheirfellow-competitors[D]whocoulddipfirawayfromthiscompetitiveworld4.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorputsforwardasuggestionthatweshould____.[A]resorttotheproductionmodeofourancestors[B]offerhigherwagestotheworkersandemp...
