专 业 英 语 复 习 材 料 2011.1.19 2A401 上午9:00~10:45 简答： 2 . Politics and Administration Frank J .Goodnow There are, then, in all governmental systems two primary or ultimate functions of government, viz . the expression of the will of the state and the execution of that will . There are also in all states separate organs, each of which is mainly busied with the discharge of one of these functions . These functions are, respectively, Politics and Adminis- tration.(p34) 因此，在所有的政府体制中都存在着两种主要的或基本的政府职能，即国家意志的表达职能和国家意志的执行职能。在所有的国家中都存在着分立的机关，每个分立的机关都用它们的大部分时间行使着两种职能中的一种。这两种职能分别就是：政治与行政。 Actual political necessity however requires that there shall be harmony between the expression and execution of the state will .(p35) 然而，实际政治的需要却要求国家意志的表达与执行之间协调一致。 3. Scientific Management Frederick W .Taylor (1)To develop a science to replace the old rule-of-thumb knowledge. (2)The scientific selection of the workmen and his development. (3)The bringing of the science and the scientifically selected and trained workmen together. (4)An almost equal division of the actual work of the establishment between the workmen and the management. 5 . Notes on the Theory of Organization Luther Gulick There are three clear limitations beyond which the division of work cannot to advantage go . The first is practical and arises from the volume of work involved in man-hours .The second limitation arises from technology and custom at a given time and place . The third limitation is that the subdivision of work must not pass beyond physical division into organic division . (p58) 分工有三个明显的限制，超过这些限制分工就不能有利地...
