拉曼光谱 OVERVIEW 1. Raman spectra give information on molecular vibrations and are obtained from changes in the frequency of light observed in a scattering experiment (inelastic scattering). 2. The physical picture arises from considering changes in polarizability (induced dipole moment) that arise if a vibration occurs during the time the electrons are oscillating in response to the applied radiation. 3. The gross selection rule is that the vibrational motion must produce a change in the polarizability of the molecule. 4. The anisotropy of the polarization of the scattering can be measured. Comparison of the spectra polarized perpendicular and parallel to the incident radiation gives information on the symmetry of the vibrational motions. 5. Raman spectra can be obtained in water. This is a major advantage over infrared spectra. 6. Resonance Raman spectra result when the wavelength of the exciting light falls within an electronic absorption band of a chromophore in the molecule. Some vibrations associated with such a chromophore may be enhanced by factors of 1000 or more. 7. The experimental parameters of a band in a spectrum are its position () (which is independent of the frequency of the exciting light), its intensity (which is directly proportional to concentration), and its polarization. 8. The main biological applications of conventional Raman are very similar to those for infrared. Resonance Raman affords a means of probing selective sites in molecules. For example, in metalloproteins, Raman can give information on the nature of the ligand directly attached to the metal. 6 .1 引言 拉曼光谱和红外光谱都反映了分子振动的信息，但其原理却有很大差别：红外光谱是吸收光谱，而拉曼光谱是散射光谱。红外光谱的信息是从...
