生物灾害管理理论的研究

生物灾害管理理论讨论摘要：本文从生态学角度，对“生物灾害〞进行了定义：少数生物偶然抢占生态位，导致原有生物种群之间的共生、竞争和协同等平衡关系遭到破坏，超出了生态系统自身恢复能力，导致人员、财产、环境等产生损失。然后分析了生物灾害特点和生物灾害管理工作原那么，提出了生物灾害管理的“生态健康〞理念和 GCSP 策略：分级管理、分类管理、分区管理、分期管理，以及生物灾害“双精〞管理技术措施：精密监测，精确管理。关键词：生物灾害；双精管理〔精密监测，精确管理〕；GCSP；生态健康中图分类号：X43 Q149 文献标识码：AResearch on Biological Disaster ManagementZHANG Guoqing(General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration,Shenyang 110034,China ;Forestry Bureau of Qianshan County, Anhui, 246300, China)Abstract: This article carried on the definition on “the biological disaster〞: Causes the original population the paragenesis, the competition and the original same balanced are destruction, surpassed ecosystem oneself to restore ability, caused the personnel, the commodity, the environment loss. Then has analyzed the biological disaster specialty and biological disaster management principia. Put forward “ecology health〞 ideas and GCSP strategies: graded management, classification management ，subarea management, phased management. And “2P〞 management of technical measures: precision monitor,precision management.Key Word: biological disaster;2P〔precision monitor, precision management〕;GCSP〔graded management, classification management ，subarea management, phased management〕; ecology healthCLC Numbers: X43 Q149 Document Code: A生物灾害概念传统的“生物灾害〞定义为：由活的生物体暴露于微生物和有毒物质所造成的灾害。[1]显然这个定义是从灾害的受体角度来定义的。笔者认为，“生物灾害〞应该从灾害源的角度，并参考生态学内涵，来进行定义。这样，既防止歧义，又符合正常的灾害学定义原那么。例如，地质灾害、雷灾、洪灾、旱灾等都是从灾害源的角度去定义的。因此...