流域 TMDL 计划中的关键技术徐宗学 徐华山 吴晓猛摘要: 阐述了流域 TMDL 计划中的关键技术问题,包括流域水环境特征识别、水污染现状分析、污染负荷估算、水文模型和点源污染物削减分配模型构建、非点源污染削减措施制定、点源和非点源削减措施实施效果评估等,分析了这些技术的应用情况,指出了我国制定和实施流域 TMDL 计划时应注意的相关问题。关键词: 最大日负荷总量; 流域; 污染负荷分配; 水文水质模型; 关键技术; 综述中图分类号: X321 文献标志码: A 文章编号: 1006-7647(2024) 01—0008-06Key technologies of total maximum daily load(TMDL) plan for river basinXU Zongxue1,2,XU Huashan1,2,3,WUXiaomeng3Abstract : The key technologies of the total maximum daily load ( TMDL) plan for river basin are discussed . Those key technologies include feature recognition of water environment,analysis of water pollution status,estimation of pollution load,construction of hydrological model and model of point source pollution reduction and allocation , formulation of nonpoint source pollution reduction measures,and evaluation of the implementation effects of point source and non-point source pollution reduction measures , the applications of those key technologies were ananlyzed , and the relevant problems,which should be noted in the formulation and implementation of the TMDL plan for river basin are pointed out.Key words : total maximum daily load ; river basin; pollution load allocation; hydrological and water quality model; key technology; review最大日负荷总量(total maximum daily load,TMDL) 计划是国际上最具代表性的流域总量控制技术体系[1]。1985 年,美国在修订《清洁水法》时提出了 TMDL 计划,制定并颁布了 TMDL 实施导则,1997 年制定了 TMDL 技术指南,2024 年出版了流域 TMDL 开发手册草稿,明确了制定流域 TMDL 计划的步骤: ① 分析流域特征。收集并分析流域水体数据,描述流域状况和受损状态,猎取水体基本信息和流域受损因素,确定...