论违约金的性质-兼评合同法司法解释二第29条

论违约金的性质【摘要】违约金是由当事人约定的不履行合同所产生的一种法律后果。而违约金的性质究竟是什么，学界争议很大。本文通过对两大法系关于违约金的性质的介绍以及对我国有关违约金的性质的探讨，对我国合同法司法解释《二》第 29 条进行了详细地评述，总结出了我国违约金制度的弊端。最后，本文总结认为违约金的性质应是一种事后评价，其兼有补充性和惩罚性；对违约金的比例限定不应以实际损失来判定，而应以合同所涉及的标的额为依据来进行限定。【关键词】违约金 惩罚性 补偿性 合同【Abstract】Liquidated damages is a legal consequence arising from the parties not to fulfill the contract. The nature of liquidated damages what is the great academic controversy. Based on the Two Legal Systems on the nature of liquidated damages as well as our introduction to the nature of liquidated damages, judicial interpretation of contract law in China, "2" section 29, a thorough review, we summarize the defects on of the liquidated damages in China. Finally, the essay concludes that the nature of liquidated damages should be an ex-post evaluation, which have both complement and punitive; We should limit the proportion of liquidated damages not by actual loss, but by Subject matter involved in the contract amount.【Key words】：Liquidated damages, Punitive, Compensatory, Contract 引 言处于市民社会的人们，交易日益频繁，与很多年前的熟人社会完全不同，我们现在的交易对象越来越趋向于发生于陌生人之间。为了交易的正常进行，保障交易安全，维护社会主义市场经济秩序，就需要一系列规则来作出具体的规定因此，合同法即起着举足轻重的作用，一次次违约行为的发生，为了维护公平和正义，少不了一系列的违约救济措施，而违约金则可谓是最常见的了。但是，对于违约金的性质还存在很大的争议，本文将一一进行讨论。一、违约金的性质综述（一）两大法系有关违约金性质的立法例1．大陆法系国家的违约金性质。与英美法系国家不同，大陆法系国家并未将赔偿性违约金与惩罚性违约金严格区分开来。法国法确认了违约金性质在原则上属于损害赔偿额的预定...