户籍歧视对劳动报酬差异的影响

户籍卑视对劳动酬劳差异的影响 [摘要]在我国，户籍卑视是形成劳动力市场分割的重要原因，它不但通过阻碍劳动力流动造成城乡收入差异，也会促成农民工和城镇工人之间劳动酬劳的差异。本文利用中国健康与营养调查多年的数据，对我国户籍卑视影响劳动酬劳差异的程度进行计算和分析。结论表明，近几年户籍卑视现象并没有明显改观，政府在制定相应政策时，仍需关注这方面的问题。 [关键词]户籍卑视 劳动力市场分割 劳动酬劳 Abstract: In China, discrimination on household registration grounds is an important reason that induces labor market segmentation. Through hindering the mobility of rural labors, this discrimination brings about not only the difference of income between urban and rural areas, but also the disparity of earnings between migrant rural workers and urban workers. This paper calculates and analyzes the influence of the discrimination on the difference of earnings between migrant rural workers and urban workers using the data of CHNS. The conclusion indicates that the status of discrimination on household registration grounds has not been bettered apparently in resent years. So the government should pay attention to this phenomenon when establishing the policies on labor markets. Keywords: Discrimination on household registration grounds, Labor market segmentation, Working reward 一、引言 劳动酬劳不同于财产性收入和自我经营收入。一般情况下，劳动者的工资性收入水平和劳动能力呈正向关系，也就是说人力资本水平越高，收入水平也会越高。个人人力资本水平往往用教育年限和参加工作的时间长短来度量，当存在劳动力市场分割时，由于劳动力不能自由流动，即使两人的教育年限和工作经验类似，收入水平也会存在很大差别。在我国，比较明显的是户籍卑视造成的劳动力市场分割，农民工大多在劳动保障和福利制度不完善的非正规劳动力市场就业，从事较苦较累的工作，收入水平也低于城镇工人。 农民工和城镇工人的劳动酬劳差异是由两个方面的原因造成的，一是人力资本水平的差异，市场经济条件下，这种差异必定导致人们劳...