商业生态系统环境下的组织设计研究外文文献及翻译TheBusinessEcosystemoftheChineseSoftwareIndustry1.IntroductionThebusinessecosystemisanewconceptproposedbyAmericanstrategyexpertJamesF.Moorewiththeecologyviewpointregardingmodernenterprisecompetitionissues.Hepointedoutthatthebusinessecosystemisaneconomicalunifiedbodywhichiscomposedoftheindividual,theorganizationandthesubsystem,takingtheinteractionoforganizationsandindividualasthefoundation.Amongthem,theindividualreferstoconsumerindividual,theorganizationsrefertoalltypesofenterprises,thesubsystemreferstothestrategicalliancebetweenthecompanies.MarcoIansitiandRayLevienbelievedthatallenterprisesandthesupplier,thedistributor,theoutsourcingservicecompany,thefinancingorganization,thekeytechnologiesprovider,thesupplementaryproductmanufacturer,thecompetitor,thecustomer,thesupervisionorganization,themediaandtherelatedgovernmentapparatusetc.arethebusinesseco-system’sspecies.Businessenvironmentisaclose-knit,mutuallydependentsymbioticsystem.2.SoftwareIndustryBusinessEcosystemAccordingtotheliteratureand,thesoftwareindustrybusinessecosystemisputforward.Itsmainactivitiesincludevarioustypesofeconomicindividualsandorganizations:theupstreamsupplier,soft-waredevelopers,serviceprovidersandchannelvendors,consumers,competitorsandotherrelatedindustriesandbusinesses,governmentagencies,industryandcommunityorganizationsetc.Theyformawholewithmutualcompetitionandcooperation,commondevelopmentandevolution,andaspecificfunctionintheeconomy.Inthesoftwareindustryecosystem,aroundthesoftwarevaluechain(suppliers,thecoreproductdevelopers,serviceproviders,marketingchannels)systemconstitutethecorebusinesscircle;Theupstreamsupplierandthecoreproduct’scustomeretc.formtheouter-levelBusinesscircleofthesystem;Whilethefinancialchain(venturecapitalfund,investor,banketc.)andthepolicychain(standard-settinggovernmentandotherQuasi-govern-mentalorganization,tradeassociation,standard-settingorganizationetc.)aswellasthecompetitorsformtheoutermost-levelcircleecologicalenvironmentofthesystem.Forexample,US’sSiliconValleyisatypicalsoftwareindustrybusinessecosystem.3.BusinessEcosystemHealthyEvaluationModelMarcoIansitiandRayLevienproposedthreeimportanthealthybusinessecosystemassessmentcriteria.1)Productivity.Thatis,whetheracommercialnetworkwillbeabletocontinuallytransformthetechnologyandotherinnovativerawmaterialsintoalowercostandonin-vestment.2)Robustness.Namelythesystemresistseachkindofdisturbanceanddestructionability,generallyweighedbythemember’ssurvivalrateinthesystem.3)Slitspacecreationability(nichecreation).Namelysys-temwhethertohavethemultiplicity,whethertohaveabilitytocreatethemoresegmentationmarketsunceasingly,createsthevaluablenewfunction,generallymeasuredbytheapplicationdegreeofinnovation.Wearguesthatahealthybusinessecosystemmusthavetwobasiccharacteristics:First,thestabilityofthatbusinessecosystemshaveawell-developedinternaldefensemechanismstoresisttherapidchangesintheexternalenvironment;Second,thesustainabilityofthatsystemkeepdiggingitsowninherentpotentialtoachievesustainabledevelopment.Therefore,thisarticleattemptstoconstructanevaluationmodel:thestabilityofoneofthefactor,includingproductivity,diversity,resilienceetc.;sustainabilityfactor,includingproductivity,vitality,creativityetc.Stabilityfactors:1)Productivity:theenergyisbiggerthatexplainsvariouslivingthingssurvivein...
