摘要糠醛是一种重要的化工原料，可作为石油精炼过程中溶剂，用来生产呋喃及呋喃及呋喃衍生物、合成药物和其他化学品，广泛应用于化工、医药和食品工业。糠醛的生产方法有两种：生物质水解和催化裂解。相比水解而言，催化裂解具有反应时间短、出醛率高等优点，受到糠醛工业界的关注。依据秸秆催化裂解制备糠醛技术，本设计提出了年产1万吨糠醛的生产工艺生产过程包括流化床燃烧、筛板式反应器裂解、喷雾冷凝、糠醛蒸馏精制等工序，涉及物料衡算、热量衡算，如流化床、热解筛板反应器、精馏塔等主要设备的计算与选型，对工艺过程的控制、环境保护和经济评价提出了相应的要求。关键词：秸秆；催化热解；糠醛制备；工艺设计；平衡计算AbstractFurfuralisanimportantchemicalwidelyusedinchemicalengineering,pharmaceuticalmedical,andfoodindustry,suchasactingasanextractionsolventintheprocessofpetroleumrefining,andasanintermediatechemicalforfurananditsderivativesproduction,drugsynthesis,andotherchemicalsandmaterialspreparation.Therearetwomainmethodstoproducefurfural:oneishydrolysisofstraws,andtheotheriscatalyticpyrolysisofbiomass.Comparedtothehydrolysismethod,catalysispyrolysisprocesshasanobviousadvantageofshortreactiontime,highyieldoffurfural,andattractedmoreandmoreattentioninfurfuralindustry.Basedontheprocessofcatalysispyrolysis,adesignaboutanannualoutputof10,000tonsfurfuralproductionisputforward.Theprocessiscomposedoffluidizationcombustion,sieve-shelfpyrolysis,sprayingcondensing,andfurfuralrefining.Thebalancecalculationofthisdesignincludedmaterialbalance,heatbalance,aswellasthecalculationandselectionofsomekeyequipmentsuchasfluidizationbed,pyrolysisreactorofsieve-shelf,heater,anddistillationtower.Theevaluationofprocesscontrol,environmentprotectionandeconomicsofthisdesignhasbeendiscussed.Keywords:Straw;Catalyticpyrolysis;Furfuralproduction;Processdesign;Balancecalculation目录摘要............................................................................................................................IABSTRACT.................................................................................................................II第一章概述...................................................................................................................11.1糠醛的应用和市场前景......................................................................................11.1.1糠醛的应用....................................................................................................11.1.2糠醛的市场....................................................................................................11.2糠醛及其副产物的结构和性质..........................................................................51.2.1糠醛................................................................................................................51.2.2副产物............................................................................................................51.3糠醛的生产工艺..................................................................................................71.3.1一步法............................................................................................................71.3.2二步法............................................................................................................81.3.3催化热解........................................................................................................81.4水解和热解工艺比较...............................
