浪漫主义时期(17 ９ 8—1 ８ 32)历史背景:Politica ｌ a ｎ d s ｏ cia ｌ fa ｃ t ｏ rs:1、 The American an ｄ F ｒ enc ｈ revo ｌ u ｔｉ on: an ｕ p ｓｕｒ ge ｏｆ nat ｉonal liberati ｏ n and ｄ emo ｃ ra ｔ ic m ｏ vemen ｔｓ Ａ m ｅｒ i ｃ an r ｅ volut ｉｏｎ (177 ５-１７ 83）—T ｈ e ｆ o ｒ m ａ tion of th ｅ ｉ ndependent Ｕ nited St ａ tes、ﻫ F ｒ ench revol ｕ ti ｏ n ｏ f 1789—“Li ｂｅｒty， equality an ｄ frater ｎ ity”2、 The Industr ｉ al R ｅ vo ｌｕ tion Ef ｆ ect:1、 Ｏ ne of the ｍ ai ｎ effect ｓ o ｆ the r ａｐ id and ｖ ast ｅ co ｎ omic ch ａ ng ｅ s w ａ s t ｈ e ｕ r ｂ a ｎ izat ｉ o ｎ of the ｇｒ o ｗ ing ｐ opul ａ tion、 2、 The c ｏｎ ditio ｎｓ of t ｈ e workin ｇ poor in the citie ｓ was ｉ ntolｅ ra ｂ l ｅ、3、 The ｒ e ｗ ere ｃ hild ｒ en working i ｎ dark, ｄ a ｎ gerous factories、４、 Ｔｈ e working c ｌ asse ｓ a ｎ d the ｐ oor lived in pol ｌｕ ted, congesｔ e ｄ ｓ l ｕ ms、 Mass epid ｅｍｉｃ s l ｉ ke typhoi ｄ fever a ｆｆｌｉ cted ｔ he slum ｓ、 Ｔ h ｅ rom ａ ntics, the liberal ｓ， the so ｃ ialis ｔ s， th ｅ a ｎ archi ｓ ts ａnd ｔ he munists al ｌ em ｅ r ｇ e ｄ w ｉｔ h t ｈ eir ｉ de ｏ l ｏ gi ｅｓ at t ｈｉ s ｐ oin ｔ in histo ｒ y to criticiz ｅ t ｈ ese m ａ n－ｍ ade hor ｒｏｒｓ、ﻫ3、 T ｈ e Luddite movement （工人运动）思想文化背景:1.R ｏ us ｓ eau 卢梭 （ｐ a ｇｅ ２)—ｔｈｅ father ｏｆ romanticismﻫ —Ｔｏ ｒ ely o ｎ f ｅ eli ｎ gs, to f ｏ l ｌ o ｗ t ｈ e ｉ nst ｉ n ｃｔ s ａｎｄ ｅ motion ｓ、 —Retu ｒ n t ｏ ｎａ ture。2.E ｄ mund Ｂｕ r ｋ e 埃德蒙 伯克( P ａ g ｅ 2） —Refle ｃ tio ｎ o ｎ t ｈ e ...
