完形填空重要技巧(之复现与同现)(4 页)Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精,善益求善。同现、复现在完形填空中的应用一, 词汇的同现根据德国学者 J. Trier 的理论,“词可以在一个共同概念的支配下结合在一起形成一个语义场”。语言中与同一部分现实相联系的这种既联接又区分的关系把若干个词义构成一个大小不等的同目义群,语言学家称之为语义场(semantically field)。语义场中的词与词之间的语义关系是相互依存的(interdependent)。每个词的意义在很大程度上取决于在语义场上所占的位置。因此,词汇的同现指的是意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中,构成以某一话题为中心的词汇连。四级考试的命题中也渗透了这种原则。例如:① I have no doubt that virtually all of these people were ____ in school that the earth revolves around the sun; they may even have written it on a test.( CET-4 2001.1 )四个备选项为:advised; suggested;learned; taught 由于句意的限制,这里可与 school 形成同一语义场的词项有: learned 和 taught。有根据语法知识,learn做及物动词时不能以人为动作的承受者。因此本题答案为“taught”。而这种用法并非偶然。请看下例:② Furthermore, these highways generally connect large urban centers which mean that they become crowded with ____ traffic during rush hours.( CET-4 1990.1 )四个备选项为:large; fast; light; heavy 本句与 traffic 这个话题构成词汇链的词项为 light 和 heavy。而配合下文 rush hours 决定这里的同现词为 heavy。问题迎刃而解。再如:③ In one sense, the effect of a customer’s mood can be thought of in ____ the same way as can our reactions t the behavior of our friends….( CET-4 2025.12 )四个备选项为:thus; much; even; still。本句中 in the same way 常常与副词 much 同时出现,构成固定搭配 in much the same way as….在四级考试中,学生在理解语篇的时候,假如能够把握住一篇文章中的词汇的同现原则,并且善于捕捉这些同现词,就会更好更准确的理解文章的大意。二词汇的复现(multiple appearance of words)以 Chomsky 为代表的语言学家认为词的...