助 动 词[学习目标]掌握助动词的基本用法[知识点总结]一、定义助动词是英语特有的一类词,它们本身一般没有词义,不能单独作谓语
其作用在于帮助实义动词构成谓语,表示时态、语态、语气等,构成疑问及否定形式
有以下几种:be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been), have(has, had, having), do(does, did), shall(should), will(would)
二、用法1、助动词 be(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)(1) be 后跟现在分词构成进行时态Who is playing the piano
She was reading a book then
那时她正在读书
(2) be 后跟过去分词构成被动语态He was asked to do the work
有人要他干这件工作
(3) be 后跟动词不定式构成谓语:a
表示计划、安排将要发生的事
They were to leave the following day
他们将在第二天动身
肯定形式表示指示、命令,而否定形式表示禁止
You are to see the headmaster today
今日你必须去见校长
Anybody is not to enter the room without permission
未经允许任何人不能进入房间
表示义务、责任等,相当于 should
You are to be back before 5
你得在 5 点钟以前回来
表示可能性,与情态动词 may, can 同义
Such books are to be found in any library
这种书在任何图书馆都有
2、助动词 have(has, had